42 
MANGANESE DEPOSITS OF INDIA : MINERALOGY. [ PaRT I 
The specimens, however, only indicated the presence of two minerals, 
one of them occurring in small crystalline grains set in a dull matrix 
of the other (psilonielane). Some of the crystalline grains might have been 
braunite and some hausmannite ; but as the ore was similar to many other 
specimens in which calculation did not indicate the presence of hausman- 
nite, it seemed likely that in these two cases also it was not 
present. This difficulty was surmounted by assuming that the ferric oxide, 
included in the psilomelane above as ferric manganate, replaced a part 
of the MngOs of the braunite. It was foimd possible to take the 
Mn203 thus set fi'ee into the psilomelane together with the manganese 
oxide previously calculated as hausmannite ; and thus the mineral com- 
position was expressed in the terms of two minerals only (neglecting, 
of course, the traces of quartz, apatite, etc.) as shown on pages 869 
and 888. These considerations have nevertheless been introduced here 
to show the possibility that some of the Central Provinces manga- 
nese-ores may contain hausmannite, although it has not been yet 
found possible to prove this in any particular case. 
Vredenburgite, 
In two different parts of India, namely Beldongri in the Nagpm' district, 
Central Provinces, and Garividi in the Vizagapatam district, Madras, I have 
found a mineral that everything agrees in showing is a new species. In 
colour the mineral is a dark steel-grey exhibiting a bronze tint, especially 
in the sun. In fact it was this bronzy colour 
that first drew my attention to the mmeral at 
Beldongri : the difference in tint between this and the ordinary man- 
ganese-ore of the mine was most marked, the latter, composed of a 
mixture of braunite and psilomelane, being of a dark steel-gi-ey to black 
colour, with sometimes a tinge of bluish. The lustre of the mineral is 
metallic, but not very bright, except on cleavage surfaces. The Garividi 
specimen shows well-marked cleavage, the nature of which is not obvious, 
but which I would suggest is parallel either to the isometric octahedron or 
to the tetragonal pyramid, according to whether the mineral is isometric 
or tetragonal ; for it wil' probably be found to belong to one of these 
two systems if specimens be ever found showing recognizable faces. 
The streak of the mineral is a deep brownish black tending to a deep 
