Chap. III. ] 
MANGANITK. 
analyses were made of different pieces some of lliem would be found to 
approacli much closer to mauganite in composition. 
Since describing the first of the Sandur specimens referred to above 
I have been able to examine a considerable number of specimens of man- 
ganese-ores obtained from Shimoga and Goa. These ores usually consist 
of psilomelane or pyrolusite, either separate or associated with one 
another and are often cavernous. Sometimes the cavities are lined with 
mammillations of psilomelane ; sometimes ^vith crystalline growths of 
Specimens from pyrolusite that may have once been manganite ; and 
Mysore and Goa. more rarely with needle-like aggregates, of superior 
hardness to pyrolusite possessing a steel-grey metallic lustre, that are 
probably to be regarded as either manganite or pseudo-manganite. 
Judging from specimens sent by Mr. C. Fawcitt from the Shimoga 
district, pseudo-manganite is probably present in the ores of both Kumsi 
and Bikonhalli. 
One of the specimens from BikonhalU consists of limonite with the 
cavities hned with psilomelane ; this is frequently coated with a growth 
of stumpy crystals, probably of manganite or psendo-manganite, on 
which the chief form \dsible is a prism, probably 1 110) ; the prisms have 
a tendency to be united to one another so as to form stellate groups. 
Specimens collected by Mr. H. D. Coggan in South Goa frequently show 
nests of what is in all probabihty manganite (or pseudo-manganite). The 
locahties from which specimens containing this manganite have been 
obtained are Vilhan, Kajri Dongar, and Kumari, about 16 miles south of 
Sanvordem railway station. Specimens of manganese- ores from Puseli 
in the North Kanara district also often show this supposed manganite. 
It is not known whether these North Kanara ores are in true laterite or 
whether they have been formed by the replacement of the outcrops of 
Dharwar rock (lateritoid). 
On account of the ease with which manganite suffers alteration with 
the production of pyrolusite, and the fact that in the course of this alter- 
ation the manganite often acquires a black streak and looses a large 
portion of its water long before it has completely passed into pyrolusite, 
it is often a matter of extreme difficulty to decide whether to call 
a particular specimen manganite or pyrolusite, and it is to meet this 
difficulty that I have proposed the name pseudo-manganite for the ex- 
amples occupying, both chemically and physically, the interval between 
manganite and pyrolusite. In the following table I give the characters 
