98 
MANGANflSE DEPOSITS OP INDIA : MINERALOGY. [PaRT I : 
the braunite of the Vizagapatam district^ As this mineral occurs 
at almost every locality where manganese-ores are found in India 
there is no point in enumerating all the different occurrences of it. An 
account of all those recognized up to 1887 will be found in Mallet's 
Mineralogy, page 61. In addition to the localities mentioned by Mallet 
many others have, of course, since been recognized and a reference to 
these can be obtained from the index to this Memoir. In the Nagpur- 
Balaghat area of the Central Provinces, in Jhabua, Narukot, and the 
Panch Mahals, the psilomelane often forms an intimate mixture with 
braunite, which occurs scattered throughout in small granules to which 
the psilomelane acts as a cement. (See Plate 1.) With increasing 
quantities of braunite, or of psilomelane, there is a gradual passage into 
ore which is practically all braunite on the one hand and all psilomelane 
on the other. In the Vizagapatam district, also, the ores often consist 
of psilomelane containing scattered braunite ; but in this case the 
braunite patches are often larger than is customary in the Central 
Provinces, whilst they are less abundant. In fact ore consisting of 
psilomelane free from braunite is very common in this district, whilst 
in the Nagpur-Balaghat area of the Central Provinces it is compara- 
tively rare, Guguldoho, Balaghat, and Ukua, being the only notable 
localities. In the other areas where this mineral is found in quantity 
it is not associated with braunite, except perhaps occasionally in minute 
quantities, but occurs either alone or in association with pyrolusite. 
The more important of such areas are the following ; — Belgaum, Goa, 
Jabalpur, Mysore, Sandur Hills, Satara, and Singhbhum. 
According to Dana's System of Mineralogy, page 257, 6th Edition. 
psilomelane exhibits the following characters : — 
Physical character-. . • i , -i i 
it occurs either massive, or in botryoidal, reni- 
form, or stalactitic shapes. G = 3'7 — 47 ; Hardness = 5 — 6, i.e., it 
can sometimes be scratched by a knife and at other times cannot. 
Lustre submetallic, dull. Streak brownish black, shining. Colour, iron- 
black, passing into dark steel-grey. Opaque. 
The Indian psilomelanes agree fairly well with the above diagnosis. 
The best example of massive psilomelane is probably 
that of the Balaghat deposit in the Central Pro- 
vinces, where this mineral forms massive beds alternating with layers of 
quartzite and of massive hollandite. Botryoidal shapes, that is, those 
stimulating more or less closely a bui '<;h of grapes in shape, are perhaps 
best exemplified in some of the ores found in the Satara district, 
» Edin. New Phil. Jour., LITI, p. 278, (1852). 
