164 
iUXGANESE DEPOSITS OF INDIA : MINERALOGY. [ ParT I 
shows that the CaO and MnO are about equal in amount, but in the 
R2O3 group, the Fe203, instead of being the predominant oxide, is very 
small in amount, so that nearly the whole of the group consists of AI.7O3. 
In the same way, then, this garnet could be called calcium-spc^sartiie. 
The two garnets are, however, indistinguishable in appearance, and both 
occur in the same series of rocks, namely the kodurite series. And if 
one were to go by the fact that they both react strongly for manganese 
one would call them both spessartite, this being par excellence the man- 
ganese-garnet. This in fact is what has been done in the previously 
published accounts of the manganese-ore occurrences of this district 
the garnet reacting for manganese and resembling very closely in colour 
some varieties of spessartite from the Central Provinces. I propose, 
therefore, to obviate this difficulty by the use of the term spandite for 
Llie manganese-garnets of the Vigazapatam district ; any garnet from 
the manganese -bearing rocks of this area that gives a strong reaction 
fur manganese will be included provisionally under this term. If, how- 
ever, the term spandite be considered objectionable, then in view of what 
We know of the composition of these garnets there is no alternative to 
calling them manganese-garnet. The awkwardness of such a term is 
seen when it is desired to designate a rock by the names of its mineral 
constituents. Thus kodurite would be apatite-manganese-gamet-fels- 
par-rock. In this form it looks as if the rock contained four constituents, 
namely apatite, manganese, garnet, and felspar. This is particu- 
larlv objectionable because amongst the mining commimity manganese- 
ore is frequentlv spoken of as manganese, manganese thus meaning in the 
loose parlance of the mining areas the mineral containing the element 
manganese rather than the element manganese itself. Hence in the fore- 
?omo example a mining man might understand that the rock was com- 
posed of apatite, manganese-ore, garnet, and felspar. 
On page 1 68. analyses are also given of two manganese-garnets from 
the gondite series of the Central Pro^•inces. It will 
Use of the term be Seen that in both cases the group RO consists to 
spessartite . ^ predominant extent of !MnO, the lime being small 
in amount, so that from this point of \-iew the garnets are to be 
regarded as spessartite rather than manganesian varieties of andradite. 
In the Wagora garnet the R2O3 gfoup is all AI2O3. so that there can 
be no hesitation in calling this mineral spessartite. In fact this garnet, 
owing to the presence of nearly 10 per cent, of FeO as part of the RO 
Jifec G. 8. I.. XXXII, p. 96. (1906) : 
Trans. Min. Gtol. Inst. Ind.. I, p. 87. (1906). 
