Chap. XI. ] 
GENERAL. 
oldest gneisses. Those portions of the sediments that were carried deep 
down were converted into schistose gneisses, quartzites both naassive 
and schistose, mica-schists, and crystaUine hmestones, according to the 
composition of the sediments : whilst those portions that were less deeply 
folded in were only metamorphosed to the condition of schistose, 
cleaved, and often felspathic, conglomerates and grits ; phyllites 
and slates ; quartzites and sandstone-quartzites ; and fine-grained 
limestones not markedly crystalline. In India such portions of 
these sediments as suffered the more severe metamorphism, i.e., 
that those were rendered thoroughly crystalline, have usually been 
mapped as part of the crystalline complex, from which they could 
be separated, in many cases, only by very close field-work : whilst the 
less metamorphosed portions have been distinguished as the Dharwar 
system in Southern India ; and as the Chilpi Ghat series, the Champa- 
ners, and the AravaUis in the regions farther north. In this Memoir 
I propose to extend the name Dharwar to include the whole of these 
rocks. The set of earth movements that folded the Dharwar sedi- 
ments was probably the last that affected the whole of the earth's 
crust in this part of the world. 
5. Partly during and partly after the folding of the Dharwars 
^ 1 t ■ ■ t great masses of igneous rocks seem to have been 
sives (Bundelkha.nd intruded into all the previously-formed rocks, 
granite, charnockite Those that were intruded at the time of the folding 
of the Dharwars have necessarily to a certain 
extent assumed foliated characters, and are usually known as 
gneissose granites ; whilst those that were intruded subsequently 
have either no banded structure, or only that due to flow, and 
can be termed granites, or at the most banded granites. (In other 
areas where there have been subsequent great earth movements, such 
as in the Himalayas, such granites have also become gneissose.) 
These rocks are variously known in the Peninsula of India as the 
Bundelkhand granite or gneiss, gneissose granite, etc. ; the charnockite 
series probably belongs to this period. 
In areas, such as the Peninsula of India, where there have been no 
violent earth movements since the Dharwar folding, 
The Great Epar- there is of course a great unconformity between all 
chaean Unconformity. ... 
these ancient foliated and schistose rocks and 
the whole of those that follow. This has been termed the Great 
Eparchsean Unconformity and the period between this folding and 
