Chap. XII.] 
KODUBITE SERIES. 
245 
kodurite series forms no exception to this rule. The rocks of this series 
have nowhere been found in close relationship with the rocks of the 
charnockite series, except in the Eastern Ghats ; whilst their rela- 
tions to the rocks of groups 3 to 5 are usually obscure. Except 
at Chintelavalsa and Taduru in the Eastern Ghats their junctions with 
the neighbouring rocks are not seen at the surface. At the two locaUties 
just mentioned the kodurite rocks are not typical of the series ; for they 
are composed very largely of the pyroxenic element. As will be seen 
from the sections given on Plate 55 and page 1114, the succession of 
rocks at these two places is as follows (in descending order) : — 
Taduru. Chintelavalsa. 
1. Khondalite. 4. Calcareous gneiss. 
2. Biotite-pyroxene-gneiss. 3. Manganese-silicate-rock. 
3. Manganese -silicate -rock. 2. Biotitic gneiss. 
4. Calcareous gneiss (scapolitic). la. Calcareous gneiss. 
5. Gneissose granite. 1. Khondalite. 
The numbers indicate what are probably corresponding horizons, 
if indeed such correspondence can be looked for in rocks of such anti- 
quity at locaUties 5 miles apart. If this correlation be correct, it is clear 
that the rocks at one locaUty have been inverted. The rock overlying 
No. 4 at Chintelavalsa was unfortunately not observed. The evidence 
of these two sections, however, is that the manganese-sihcate rocks are 
more closely associated with the calcareous or scapolitic gneisses and the 
biotite-pyroxene-gneisses (not observed elsewhere), than with either the 
khondalites or gneissose granites. Indeed, from the evidence of these 
two sections, one might suppose that the manganese-siHcate-rocks are 
merely metamorphosed manganiferous sediments occupying a definite 
position in the succession of aluminous and calcareous sediments from 
which Walker supposes the khondalites and calcareous gneisses respect- 
ively to have been derived. The rock No. 2 contains a rhombic pyroxene, 
and Dr. Holland, to whom I showed the specimens and microscope sUdes, 
thinks it is probably a somewhat abnormal member of the charnockite 
series. At no other localities were such clear exposures seen, or 
the manganiferous rocks in such a fresh condition. All the other 
manganese deposits that I visited were situated in the plains, where 
alluvium largely obscures the geology, and where, had no mining been 
attempted, all that the geologist could see would be long low mounds of 
manganese-ore and manganese-siUcate-bearing rocks conforming in their 
general direction to the strike of the ridges of khondalite, calcareous 
