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MANGANESE DEPOSITS OF INDIA : GEOLOGY. 
[Part II : 
struck at once by the extraordinary lithological similarity of the Cham- 
pan er rocks to those of Jabalpur and their consequent probable Dhar- 
war age. 
During 1904, I was able to examine yet another area of the rocks 
The Chilpi Ghat of the type once classed as Transition, namely, the 
series situated in the Balaghat and Raipur districts 
of the Central Provinces, which W. King, in 1885 1, called the Chilpi 
Ghat series after the locality in which they were first examined. This 
series consists of quartzites, slates, conglomerates, and traps, in the 
parts where it was first examined. It was traced further west into 
the western portions of the Balaghat district by P. N. Bose, and it was 
here that I was able to examine it. The rocks have here become more 
metamorphosed, so that the slates have passed into micaceous phyllites 
and the conglomerates have been rendered schistose. The lithological 
similarity of these rocks to those of Southern India is so marked that Mr. 
Maclaren, who has had considerable experience of the Dharwars of 
the type areas, and to whom I showed my Chilpi specimens, fully agrees 
with my supposition that the Chilpi Ghat rocks are of the same age as the 
The ir.et amorphic Dharwars.2 The importance of this correlation is 
pl^x 'orthe' Na^pi?r'. manifest when it is stated that very good evidence 
Balaghaf, area. has been obtained that a considerable portion of 
the metamorphic and crystalline complex of the four districts of Balaghat, 
Bhandara, Chhindwara, and Nagpur, namely that with which the man- 
ganese-ore deposits are more particularly associated, really consists of 
portions of the Chilpis that have been so much more severely meta- 
morphosed than in the areas further to the east that it has not yet 
been found practicable to map them separately from the other members 
of the metamorphic and crystalline complex. 
It must be noticed that all the correlations of these ancient 
rocks in different parts of India are based on lithological resemblances. 
This correlation is, however, supported by the stratigraphical position 
of these rocks, namely, folded in with the oldest gneisses, and separated 
by the great Eparchaean unconformity from all the younger rocks. 
There is yet another area of metamorphosed 
e ava series, ^p^jj^ggg^j^ sediments, — in Rajputana and Central 
1 Rec'. G. S. I., XVIII, p. 187. 
2 Since this was ^v^itten I have been able to see for m3'self portions of the 
Dharwars of Southern India, and to further convince myself of the probable 
equivalence of the Chilpis and Dharwars. 
