304: 
MANGANESE DEPOSITS OF INDIA : GEOLOGY. [PaRT ll 
the frequently brilliantly crystalline character of the ores it is evident 
that the crystalline manganate, hollandite, is of common occurrence, the 
amorphous manganate, psilomelane, being relatively much less com- 
mon than in the ordinary manganese-ore deposits of the Nagpur dis- 
trict. 
At the exposvire of crystalline limestones seen in the Pench river 
Folding and faulting Ghogara the nodular bands, often 1 to 3 feet long 
of manganese-ore bands, and Only 1 to 3 inches thick, are often seen to be 
folded and faulted ; in one case, in the small fault planes so formed, 
small flakes of a beautiful pink manganese-mica have developed. 
(See fig. 75 on page 963.) 
Classification of the Manganese-ores Associated! with the 
Dharwar Series. 
From the foregoing it will be seen that the manganese-ores of the 
Dharwar facies can be divided into two main groups ; those associated 
with the less metamorphosed type of Dharwars, and these 
associated with the more metamorphosed type to which the name 
of the gondite series is given on page 306. Each of these can be divided 
into secondary and primary ores. There are also the lateritic ores. 
I propose to now put forward a classification of all the manganese-ores 
of the Dharwar facies, and to include in this classification the lateritic 
ores formed on the outcrops of Dharwar rocks. It will be seen that this 
classification includes practically all the Indian manganese-ores, except 
those of the kodurite series and the lateritic ores formed on the outcrops 
of rocks, such as the Deccan Trap, that are not of Dharwar age. In 
this classification I note in the right hand column the ores characteriz- 
ing each method of formation. The names of the minerals are placed 
in order of importance in each case. In the case of the ores belonging 
to the divisions B.a and B.c, it is difficult to determine what proportion 
of the ores of the deposits of the areas given in B.c belong to each, 
and the distribution of the two minerals amongst the two groups may 
not be quite accurate. It will be noticed that the names of some of the 
areas come in two or even three places. As I have asterisked the 
occurrences that are at present (1907) being worked some idea can be 
formed as to which of the modes of occurrence in a particular area are 
of importance and which are not. I have not asterisked those ores 
that are quarried incidentally to the winning of other ores, but which 
by themselves are of no importance. 
