320 
MANGANESE DEPOSITS OF INDIA ; GEOLOGY. [PaRT II ; 
quartz grains and doubtless consist of ferric oxide. The absolute identity 
of the quartzites from these two widely distant manganese -ore deposits is 
eloquent testimony to their having been formed under the same conditions, 
and is about as good a proof of the identity of the Chilpi Ghat and 
Aravalli series as could well be found ; provided that the continuity 
of the supposed AravaUi rocks of Jhabua with the t\^ical Aravallis of 
Rajputana be once proved, as no doubt it will be one day. In respect to 
the degree of metamorphism that the 'country' and the interbanded 
quart zite layers of this deposit have suffered, this deposit may be 
regarded as the equivalent of the Balaghat deposit of the Central 
Provinces. It has, however, been considerably more metamorphosed, 
as is shown by the presence of spessartite and rhodonite in various parts 
of the deposit and by the fact that there is a considerable amoimt of 
braunite present. In this deposit, moreover, the manganiferous am- 
phibole and pyroxene, winchite and blanfordite, respectively, have been 
developed ; as well as a crimson manganiferous mica. Further, the 
manganese-epidote. piedmontite, has also been formed in the 'country' 
of this deposit ; this being the only occurrence of piedmontite that has 
yet been found in India outside the cr^'stalline limestones, with the 
exception of the occurrence at Jothvad noted in the next section. 
The Gondite Series in Narukot. 
One occurrence of the rocks of the gondite series has also been foimd 
at Jothvad in the Narukot State, Rewa Kantha Agency, Bombay Pre- 
sidency. This occurrence is associated with rocks which have reached at 
least the same degree of metamorphism as those characterizing the rocks 
of the metamorphic and crystalline complex of the Central Provinces. 
The whole series of rocks has been intensely folded, and intruded by 
a porphyritic biotite granite, which from its mineralogical and petrogra- 
phical characters may be regarded as the equivalent of the Bmidelkhand 
granite of Central India. Apophyses are seen to start from this granite 
and penetrate the series of banded and folded rocks constituting the 
main mass of the hill in which the manganese-bearing rocks occur, and 
in these apophyses or granite eins various interesting minerals, charac- 
terized by the presence of a i.'ertain quantitv of manganese, taken up no 
doubt from the manganese-bearing rocks at the time of their injection into 
the gneissic series, have cr}'stallized out. The most interesting feature of 
the occurrence lies, however, in the fact that in one spot, namely at the 
junction of the main mass of the granite with the gneissic series, the 
