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MANGANESE DEPOSITS OF INDIA : GEOLOGY. [PaRT II : 
In granitic, pegmatitic and felspathic intrusions, usually in the form 
of veins, piercing the rocks of the gondite series the following minerals 
have been observed : — 
List of minerals found in rocks intrusive in the gondite series. 
Albite. 
Amphibole (lilac). 
Apatite. 
Biotite. 
Blanfordite ( Jothvad, Ramdongri, and K^c > v - 
Braunite (Kacharwahi and Satak). 
Carpholite ? 
Greenovite (Jothvad). 
Juddite (Kacharwahi). 
ilanganese-gamets. 
MicTOcline. 
!Microperthite. 
Oligoclase. 
Orthoclase. 
Plagioclase. 
Pyroxene (brown) (Kusumbah). 
Quartz. 
Sphene. 
Tourmaline. 
Zircon. 
As will be seen from the lists given above, many of the minerals in both 
the intrusives and the mineral veins are characterized by the presence 
of either small or large quantities of manganese, which often impart to the 
mineral its distinctive properties. This manganese has, no doubt, been 
obtained from the rocks of the gondite series through which the molten 
rocks or heated waters, as the case may be, have passed. It is not known 
whether one of the rocks, namely one composed of quartz, carpholite (?), 
and oligoclase-albite, is an intrusive or a mineral vein. From the fact of 
the presence of felspar it might be thought to be obviously an intrusive. 
But it is now well recognized that felspars are not infrequently formed in 
true mineral veins. It has, however, been considered here as an intrusive. 
In the first list given above only those minerals are mentioned that 
are found right in the masses of manganese-silicate- rock or in the actual 
peripheral zone of the deposit. In Dharwar times the sediments deposited 
both before and after the manganiferous sediments proper must often 
have contained small quantities of manganese ; so that when the rocks 
were metamorphosed some of the rocks thus produced often contained 
small quantities of manganese-bearing minerals, without in any way form- 
ing part of the ore-body. Such slightly manganiferous sediments tend, 
of course, to occur close to the manganiferous rocks and ores^ because the 
change from the conditions under which non-manganiferous sediments 
