Chap. XIX.] 
MANGANESE IN LATERITE. 
383 
with lichens) being approximately horizontal. These caps do not, 
however, show signs that they are the remains of a horizontal sheet, 
for they occur at different elevations on neighbouring hills, and as 
noticed above have a very irregular base. And although there are 
doubtless many cases where such a cap has been cut into two by 
erosion, yet most of the occurrences suggest that they have been 
formed independently of other masses of this lateritic rock. On 
account of the limited extent of each of these masses of rock, their 
different elevation, their want of horizontal bases, and the numerous 
cases in which the rock contains residual angular fragments of other 
rocks, most geologists would probably prefer to consider these occur- 
rences as distinct from the masses of typical laterite occurring in 
horizontal sheets, often of considerable extension, and free from 
included fragments of rock different in character from the laterite. 
For this reason I propose to refer to these occurrences under the 
name of lateritoid, to indicate their similarity to laterite. It is to be 
noted that, were they to be designated ' laterite ', they would by 
their position come into the high-level laterite division. From what 
I have written above it is evident that my view of the origin of these 
masses of lateritoid and their included manganese-ores is practically 
identical with Maclaren's theory of the origin of laterite in general. 
He bases his theory particularly on the occurrence at Talevadi in 
Belgaum. I have visited this occurrence myself, and although the 
sections were no longer so good as when Maclaren went, yet I saw 
sufficient to make me agree with his description of the occurrence. 
Although the occurrence was in an area where the laterite seemed to 
occur as a large spread, yst I could not see any difference between the 
mode of occurrence of the manganese-ores here and those in the 
lateritoid deposits. From this it will be seen that the Talevadi 
occurrence may be regarded as a connecting link between the 
lateritoid caps containing manganese-ores and the large spreads of 
high-level laterite usually free from manganese-ore. I think, however, 
it is more closely related to the lateritoid occurrences than to the large 
spreads of high-level laterite in which bauxite is so often found. 
In fig. 22 I have reproduced the Talevadi section given by 
„, ^ , , Maclaren, and cannot do better than quote 
Ihe i ale vadi occurrence. - , . . . , 
here his description of it^: — 
' There, pits in search of manganese expose the laterite in process of formation 
and give sections of some 30-40 feet in depth. The bottom of a typical section 
1 Geol. Mag., Dec. V, Vol. Ill, pp. 537, 538 (1906). 
