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MANGANESE DEPOSITS OF INDIA: GEOLOGY. [ PaRT II: 
Jlanganiferous Sands and Soils. 
It might be expected vhat in areas where manganese-ore deposits exist, 
the sands and other mecnanical detritus of the streams draining therefrom 
would often contain particles of manganese-ore. I have occasionally 
noticed small particles of manganese-ore in the sands of the Indian rivers, 
but have never specially looked for manganiferous sands. Nevertheless, 
it may be considered as fairly certain that such sands exist. And a black 
sand should not always be taken to be an iron sand, but should be 
tested for manganese ; for if it contained this element in considerable 
proportion it could be taken as a good prospecting indication of the 
proximity of a manganese-ore deposit. The old observers, however, seem 
to have noticed such sands. Thus there are records of ' iron and steel 
sands with manganese ' in the Nizam's dominions (page 989), of ' black 
sand ' containing manganese in the Coimbatore district (page 1032), and 
of 'jet black sand containing iron and manganese ' in the Nellore district 
(page 1040). Soils may also be highly manganiferous owing to the pre- 
sence of numerous particles of manganese oxide scattered through the 
other material composing the soil. These may have found their way 
into the soil mechanically, or may have been deposited in it by 
percolating water ; but in the latter case the fact that the manganese 
oxide had been deposited from solution would probably be easily detected 
by noticing that it tended to form segregations. A good example of 
manganiferous soil has been found in the Chitaldrug district of Mysore 
(seepage 1125), where extensive areas are said to be covered to a depth 
of 2 to 3 feet with a dark manganiferous earth yielding on analysis 9 
per cent, manganese. My attention was also called to some very 
manganiferous black soil near Kumsi in the Shimoga district of 
Mysore. 
anganese in Fault-rock ol Various Ages. 
In the outlying portion of the Dhar State known as the Dhar Forest or 
-Manganese-ore in Nimanpur, situated on the north bank of the Narbada 
indSandthe Jenfral ^he adjoining portions of the state of 
Provinces. Indore lying to the west, as well as in the neighbour- 
ing parts of the district of Nimar lying on the south side of the same 
river, the rocks of the Bijawar system are traversed by dyke-like bands of 
a breccia composed of angular fragments of quartz, quartzite, chert, and 
hornstone, set in a hornstone-like siliceous matrix. These rocks are usually 
known as hornstone-breccia or chert-breccia. Not only do they traverse 
