414 ilANGAXESE DEPOSITS OF INDIA : ECOXOMICS. [PaET III : 
about 1845. Until this date manganese -ore was chiefly used as a deco. 
lourizer in glass-making and for the manufacture of bleaching powder. 
The chief sources of supply to English glass houses and chemical works 
were Tavistock in Devon and Launceston in Cornwall, with some ore 
from the Harz in Germany, and Piedmont in Italy. Prices then ruled 
high. Then the discovery of manganese- ore deposits in Germany 
caused the English mines to close. After the cessation of mining in 
Great Britain the price rose to £8 a ton again for an ore with 70 per 
cent, of peroxide. The discovery of extensive deposits in Spain then 
again reduced the price, till in 1865 it was only £3 for ore containing 
70 per cent, peroxide, and all but three of the British and German mines 
were closed. The Spanish ores, being pockety, became exhausted, 
whilst there was a reduced supply from Germany ; and at the same 
time a demand for manganese for steel-making sprang up, due to the 
start of the manufacture of ferro-manganese in 1865. As the mines 
then working could not supply the increased demand, manganese 
deposits were searched for all over the world, whilst the price of man- 
ganese-ore again went up. With the increased demand new deposits 
were found, but new economies also introduced. Thus whilst formerly 
manganese-ore was used but once in the manufacture of chlorine, it is 
now recovered with a loss possibly not exceeding 10 per cent. Hence, 
notwithstanding the increased demand, the above cause and the increased 
production caused a gradual fall in price to about £3-10-0 in 1881 
for 70 per cent, (peroxide) ore, with 2s. 6c?. per additional unit, and 
£3-5-0 in lb86 with 2s. 2d. per additional unit. The price of manganese- 
ore delivered at the works of Carnegie Bros. & Co., Ltd., at Bessemer, 
near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, which prac- 
tically ruled the United States market was as follows in 1886 : — 
Table 26. 
Price of manganese-ore per long ton in 1886. 
Percentage of 3In. 
Iron per unit. 
Mangane.se per unit. 
Below 44 
10 cents 
22 cents 
44—47 
11 „ 
23 „ 
47—50 
11 „ 
24 „ 
50—53 
11 
25 „ 
Above 53 
11 „ 
26 „ 
