420 
MANGANESE DEPOSITS OF INDIA : ECONOMICS. [ParT III: 
History of the Modern Manganese Industry in India, 
We can now deal with the modern history of the discovery and 
working of manganese-ore in India. 
The first definite record of the occurrence of manganese-ores in 
India seems to be the account given by Captain F. Jenkins l in 1829 
of the ores foimd in crystalline limestone in the Pench river, and to the 
north of Kumari. Both these localities are in the Nagpur district, 
Central Pro\ances, the latter being doubtless the Junawani ore-band. 
In the ensuing years many fresh discoveries were made in various parts 
of India, and the knowledge so obtained up to 1881 is summarized in 
Ball's Economic Geology ; whilst the Mineralogy of the deposits is 
discussed in Mallet's Mineralogy, issued in 1887. The first attempt by 
a European to work any of the Indian deposits was made by Mr. C. W. 
McMinn, when Deputy Commissioner of Jabalpur, Central Provinces. 
In 1884 he sank a number of pits at Gosalpur in the Jabalpur district 
in order to ascertain the extent of the deposits of this locaHty. After 
the careful prospecting of the deposits of this area by Mr. P. N. Bose, 
then of the Geological Survey, however, the matter was dropped 2. 
This practically carries us to the end of the eighties. 
With the advent of the nineties the period of mere prospecting of 
the Indian manganese-ore deposits may be said to have ended, and 
the manganese industry proper, in which mining has been com- 
bined with further prospecting, to have commenced. In the following 
account of the development of this industry the subject is treated by 
provinces, in the order in which work commenced in each province. 
In reading this account comparison should be made with the figures 
and curves of prices given in the preceding portion of this chapter, so 
as to notice the effect of prices on this development. 
Madras. 
The existence of manganese-ores in the Vizagapatam district of 
Vizagapatam : Madras WHS known as long ago as 1852 ^ ; 
H. G. Turner and tl.e ^-^ jggj ^.j^^^ jj_ Turner, 
Vizianagram Mining Co., _ ... 
Limited. previously Collector of this district, formed 
a syndicate to work the deposits now known as the Kodur mines. The 
1 Asiatic Besearehes, XVlll, pp. 207, 208, 210, (1833) ; abstract in Oleanings in 
Science, I, pp. 226, 227, (1829). 
2 lUc. O. S. I., XXI, p. 71, (1888); also op. cU., XXU, p. 216, (1889) 
8 A. J. Scott, ildiii. New Phil. Jour., LIU, pp. 278, 279. 
