Chap. XXII.] phospects of m.cs-gaxese ixdustey. 
457 
The three great steel -producing countries — England, United States 
and Germany — take a large proportion of our manganese-ore ; the ex- 
ports to Holland and Belgium shown in the above table were in part for 
transmission to Germany, whilst the consignments sent to Egypt 
were booked to Port Said to await delivery to ports further west. 
Future Prospects of the Mauganese Industry cf India. 
On this subject I cannot do better than quote what I said in my paper 
' Manganese in India pages 121 to 124 : — 
' It will be noticed that no estimate has been given in this paper of the quantities 
of manganese-ore available in the deposits. This is not, however, because there is 
any need for pessimism on the subject. It is true that in the Tizagapatam district 
it is becoming more difficult to quarry the ore owing to the increasing depth at which 
it has to be worked : but in the Central Provinces there are several deposits con- 
cerning which it is easy to form estimates indicating the presen-e of millions of tons 
of ore easy to win. Owing, however, to the insufScient work which has been carried 
out in the way of cross-cuts and bore-holes ....... these 
estimates are more or less of guesses, but there can be no doubt whatever of their 
general correctness in pointing to the presence in the Central Provinces of vast 
quantities of easily quarried manganese -ore. 
' Nevertheless, at the present rate of output, with the rejection of all but first- 
grade ore, there does not seem to be much doubt that within a comparatively small 
period of time, which one might guess at 30 to 50 yeeirs, the majority of the deposits 
at present known will have been worked out as far as the application of present 
methods of extraction are concerned. There will then stiU be left, both in the ground 
and on the dump -heaps, millions of tons of second- and third-grade ores and vast 
quantities cf manganese-silicate rock consisting largely of spessartite and rhodonite, 
and often carrying as much as 30 to 40 per cent of manganese. 
' This might be considered as rather an alarming prospect but for two counter- 
balancing considerations. One is that the deposits of manganese-oxide ores through- 
out the world are strictly limited in quantity, so that within a comparatively short 
time, which might be guessed as 100 years as a maximum, unless several fresh 
areas containing such deposit* be discovered, all the easily won ores wiU have been 
removed from the earth. Long before that time, however, the price per unit of 
manganese will rise strfficiently to enable the lower grade ores of the world, if not 
smelted on the spot, to be transported profitably to the smelting centres. Long 
before that time also the increasing difficulty and cost of getting manganese-oxide 
ores will probably compel metallurgists to turn their attention to the sihcate-ores. 
' The second consideration is that long before that time, and let us hope in only 
a few years from the present, ferro-manganese smelting wiU probably have been 
introduced into India, thus rendering valuable the low-grade ores at present rejected, 
and so to a certain extent coiLserving the higher grade ores. 
' We are thus able to picture that within a comparatively small number of years, 
the easily-won high-grade Indian oxide-ores wfll become quite limited in quan- 
tity, and that, with the rising prices due to a similar state of affairs in other parts 
of the world, the manganese -miners wiU then find it just as profitable to work 
the lower grade ores and sort over their dump-heap 5 as the tin-miners recently 
have in Cornwall to search their waste heajK for wolfram Following thi^, wiU come 
the time when spessartite ana rhodonite wiU be regarded ss ores and just as 
eagerly sought as 50 per cent, oxide -ores now are. 
III 
