CHAPTER XXVI. 
ECONOMICS & mmm— continued. 
The Mining or Quarrying of Manganese-ores. 
General principles for deciding whether to mine or quarry a deposit — Mode of 
occurrence and structure of the deposit — Depths to which manganese-ore deposits 
extend — Relation of the outcrop of the deposit to the topography- The value of 
the ores — Nature of the ' country ' of the deposits — The presence of water — Cost 
of timb3r, tools, and plant — Cost of labour — Cost of employing technically -trained 
managers. 
The way to prospect a manganese-ore deposit. 
The way to work a manganese-ore deposit — Four mistakes to be avoided — Thick 
ore-band of moderate dip forming a hill — Thick ore-band of steep dip forming a 
hill — Thin ore- band in a hill — Thick ore- band cropping out on low ground — 
Thin ore-band cropping out on low ground — Scattered ore-bodies in lithomarge — 
Lateritoid cappings— Deposits of detrital ore or talus-ore. 
To mining men the larger part of this chapter will probably seem 
trite and unnecessary and out of keeping with the character of the re- 
mainder of this Memoir, so that an apology for its introduction is perhaps 
desirable. Now it so happens that there are a large number of people 
engaged in the Indian manganese industry who have had no previous 
acquaintance with mining, and consequently in most cases do not recognize 
the complexity of the problem of working even such an apparently simple 
thing as a manganese-ore deposit ; according to popular notions, in fact, 
one has only to dig out the ore, send it to the markets, and draw in the 
profits. I hope the first section of this chapter will open the eyes of such 
people and show both them and any other laymen who contemplate 
taking a part in the Indian manganese industry that to get the best 
results, and indeed any that are not much below the best, it is necessary 
to employ men who by training are qualified to deal both with the 
considerations put forward in this section and with many others not 
mentioned here. 
In the section on the way to prospect a manganese-ore deposit, I 
propose to give a few hints as to the best way in which to obtain some 
idea of the value of a deposit when found. My object is that if a layman 
attempt to open up a deposit without proper advice, as is bound fre- 
quently to happen, his attempts shall be made on some reasonable basis 
