568 m.\-vCtA>-tse deposits of rsDiA : in;>-TN-G. [P.^t III : 
and of tunnels into hillsides, in the case of deposits forming compara- 
tively high hills. 
It is mteresting to note here that although practically aU the manga- 
nese workings in India can be most accurately 
Indian manganese quarnes j ^ • , , t , i" 
letrallv mines. Qescnbed as ' quarries yet according to the 
Indian Mines Act, 1901, clause 3 (J), the term 
' mine ' apphes to all workings made for commencing or opening any mine ; 
■ but it does not include any pit, quarry or other excavation the depth rfno 
part of which, measurod from the level of the adjacent ground, exceeds twenty 
feet and no part of which extends beneath the superjacent ground ' ' 
Hence all manganese workings deeper than 20 feet are legally mines, 
and as such subject to the operation of the Indian Mines Act, 1901. 
Hence, except in this chapter, I have not been strict in the use of the 
term ' mine ' as apphed to the Indian manganese workings, and have 
often used it in heu of the more correct term ' quarry 
From the point of view of the extraction of ore the Indian manganese -ore 
deposits mav be di\aded into two main groups. 
Classification of deposits. ^^^.^ sub-divisions, as foUows :— 
A. Those occurring on hills, ranging in height usually from 50 to 500 
feet ; divided into : — 
(a) Those that form a sort of backbone to the hills, often extending 
down to and below plain level. 
(b) Those that form cappings to the hiUs. 
B. Those l}Tng on low ground so that their highest points are, or 
were before being worked, either just a few feet above the level 
of the low ground, just on a level with it, or even a httle below, 
the presence of the deposit in the last case being indicated as a 
rule by the presence of detrital ore on the surface ; di\'ided 
into : — 
(ci) Those extending to some considerable depth below the siu-face, 
either in the form of a sheet-like mass or bed, or in the 
form of an irregular mass or masses. 
(6) Those of purely superficial character, that do not as a rule 
extend to greater depths than 20 or 30 feet. 
1 W. H. Pickering and W. Graham, 'The Indian Mines Act, 1901 p. 12 (1907), 
Calcutta. S. K. Lahiri and Co., Csilcutta. 
