570 
MAXGAXESE DEPOSITS OF IiVPIA : 
MljyiKG . 
[Part III 
capping of some 50 feet in tliickness, or less, and separating the ore from 
the rock with which it is so often associated and intimately mixed, this 
admixture being due to the fact that these cappings are usually the result 
of the superficial, and often very irregular, replacement of some practically 
non-manganiferous rock: wdiilst in the case of A. (a) prtAdsion has to be 
made for the probability that the ore-body extends into the hill as a sort of 
backbone, by carrying out a sufficient amount of deadwork to prevent the 
quarry becoming an ever-narrowing groove. 
The chief difference between the workings of the deposits of groups 
B. (a) and B. (b) lies in the fact that the deposits of group B. {b) do not 
extend to any depth ; so that it is not necessary to make the provision in 
the wav of deadwork that is necessary in the case of the deposits of group 
B. (a) to prevent them becoming ever-narrowing grooves or pits. 
Whatever may be the situation of the deposit, a large propor- 
tion of the work is done by hand. When in very hard, compact masses 
the ore is first hand-drilled, two men usually working at each drill (see 
Plate 30), and then blasted. Otherwise it is simply prized out with crow- 
_ . , , ... c bars, advantage being taken of the divisional 
Brief description ot ' o o 
methods of working Indian planes of the ore-body when such are present, 
■nanganese-ore deposits. rpj^^ Ymge blocks thus detached are broken with 
heavy sledge-hammers to a manageable size and then, though with 
many exceptions, carried down the hill, or up out of the quarry, as the 
case may be, on the heads of women and children. At a number 
of quarries light rails have been out down to faciUtate the disposal of 
both manganese-ore and waste. The ore is, if necessary, cleaned by 
women, children, and old men, with small cobbing-hammers, and finally 
piled into rectangular stacks ready for measurement. Where a 
chemist is employed the stacks are usually sampled (Plate 36), and 
assayed separately, and the ore then carted or trammed to the railway 
station, where the products of different quarries are often mixed or 
blended so as to yield a cargo of a certain standard (Plate -11). 
The foregoing represents the most general practice, to which there are 
of course, many variations. As already men- 
Gravity-inclines and tioned the carriage of ore from the summits of 
aenal ropeways. ^ _ 
hills to the foot has been in several cases facilita- 
ted by the construction of gravity-inclines (gravity tramways) and aerial 
ropeways. Gravity-inclines have been constructed at ICandri, Mansar, 
and Balaghat, all worked by the Central Provinces Prospecting Syndi- 
cate, and at Ramandrug, worked by the General Sandur Mining 
