578 
MANGANESE DEPOSITS OF INDIA : MINING. [PaRT IIE 
its upper terminal 420 ft. above the railroad to which it conveys the ore. At the 
railroad there is a 300-ton ore-bin, from which the railroad cars are loaded. The 
tramway is operated by gravity, the descending loadfd buckets developing 6-H.P. 
All mine-supplies, timber, etc., are brought up to thf mine on the tramway, which 
has a capacity of 25 tons per hour. 
'Hand-drilling was used until the present year, when, on account of the difficulty 
of obtaining labourers during the revolution in the country, an air-compressor was 
installed, driven by a 35-H.P. gasoline-engine, and power-drills are now used.' 
From this account it will be seen that not only has it been found 
profitable to work the deposit (the Soledad deposit) by the methods of 
undergroimd mining, but it has also been thought worth while to wash 
and screen the smalls, whilst it was intended to set up a concentrating 
plant for ore passing a J-inch sieve. It is also interesting to note that 
power drills have been introduced in place of hand-drilling. The ores 
shipped from this deposit are of about the same grade as those of Kandri. 
The methods described have been no doubt largely adopted on account 
of the scarcity of labour. The same desire to save labour appears in 
the arrangements for the transport of the ore which are described as 
follows (loc. cit., p. 219) : — 
'From the bins at the railroad the ore is loaded by gravity into small side-dump- 
ing cars, of about 3 tons' capacity, and hauled to the shipping-port. Here it is 
dumped from a trestle upon the stock-pile. There is storage here, without re- 
handling, for about 3000 tons. The ore is shipped in steamers which are loaded 
alongside the Company's wharf. It is loaded into tubs, holding about 1800 lbs. 
each, which rest on small trucks nmning on a track of O'o meter gauge. There 
are two endless tracks, one on each side of the ore-pile, extending on to the wharf. 
The ore-trucks make a continuous circuit, the loaded tubs being hoisted and 
their contents dumped into the steamer's hold, and replaced empty up on the truck 
which then returns to the ore-pile to reload. Each track serves a separate 
hatch on the steamer ; and the ore is loaded at the rate of 400 tons or more daily.' 
This railroad is of 3 feet gauge, 9 miles in length, and connects up the 
Soledad and Concepcion mines of the Caribbean Manganese Company, by 
whom it was built, to the port of Nombre de Dios. 
Amongst other deposits at which true mining methods have been 
Mining of manganese-ore adopted, Or at which the Ore is Subjected to 
deposits in other ijarts of some sort of concentration, or other mechanical 
the world. treatment, the following may be mentioned : — 
1, The Mi(juel Burnier mines, Ouro Preto area, Minas Geraes 
State, Brazil^. Steeply-bedded deposit of average width 
of 2 metres. Levels driven into hill-side at vertical intervals 
of 30 metres, and ore stoped out. Briquetting of ores. 
1 H. K. Scott, Jour. Iron Steel Inst., No. 1 of 1900, pp. 190-195. 
