CHAPTER XXVIII. 
ECONOMICS & Mimm— continued. 
The Uses of Manganese. 
Uses in metallurgy — List of uses — History of the application of manganese in 
the iron and steel industry — Spiegeleisen and ferro-manganese — Manufacture of 
spiegeleisen and ferro-manganese — Manufacture of ferro-manganese in India — Use of 
spiegeleisen and ferro-manganese — (Quantity of manganese required in the manufac- 
ture of steel — Phosphorus and silicon in spiegeleisen and ferro-manganese — Use of 
the Indian phosphoric ores — Use of manganese-ore for de-sulphurizing — Manganese 
in foundry practice — Manganese-steel- — Effects of manganese on iron and steel — 
Other manganese alloys — Silicon-spiegel — Manganese-bronze — Metallic manganese. 
Smelting of manganese-ores by the natives of India — Kheri. 
Use of manganese oxide as an ox.idizer — For the decolourization of glass — For 
bleaching powder, bullion smelting, and potassium permanganate. 
Use of manganese as a colouring material- — For glasses and enamels— For pottery. 
Ornamental applications. 
It has already been shown how widespread is the element 
manganese in Nature (see pages 18-20). The following listi will give 
some idea of the numerous uses to which manganese and its compounds 
have been applied by man : — 
I Alloys of manganese with aluminium, zinc, tin, lead, mag- 
nesium, titanium, gold, etc. 
f Manufacture of chlorine, bromine, and bleaching powder, 
I Decolourizer of glass. 
I Dryer in varnishes and paints. 
Table 88. 
List of uses of manganese. 
I. — Alloys 
II. — Oxidizers •> Leclanche's cell. 
I Preparation of oxygen on a small scale. 
I Manufacture of disinfectants (manganates and permanga- 
L nates). 
1 Based on that of Penrose, An. Rep. of the Geol. Surv. of Arkansas for 1890, Vol. 
I. ' Manganese : its Uses, Ores and Deposits ', p. 7. 
