30 HAYDEN : GEOLOGY OF SPITI. 
considerably crushed and faulted, but in other respects similar to the 
type series at Muth. From the summit of the Kunzam Pass they can 
be seen running northwards along the left side of the Chandra valley, 
and, further on, their presence has been recorded by Stoliczka in North 
Lahaul.^ Here he found traces of Orthis and trilobites in a light- 
coloured limestone, which, however, he referred to his Bhabeh series 
(cambrian of this memoir). It is possible that the limestone may 
represent the cambrian dolomite of the Parahio, but there is no trace 
of this rock in the intervening area, i.e., in upper Spiti and on the 
Kunzam La, where the lower silurian conglomerate rests on the 
lower beds of the upper cambrian, and it is probable that the Lahaul 
rock is really silurian. This, unfortunately, cannot be ascertained by 
reference to Stoliczka's collections, which, with the rest of his and Mr. 
Griesbach's palaeozoic fossils, have been for many years in England 
awaiting description. 
How far this system may be represented in 'Kashmir it is at 
Possible representa- Present impossible to say. The lower con- 
tives in Kashmir. glomerates and quartzite may possibly find their 
equivalents in Lydekker's Panjil system, to which they appear to 
have some lithological resemblance, but, as will be seen below (p. 57), 
certain beds, which occur at a very much higher horizon, have 
also lithological characters very similar to those of the Panjal rocks, 
and it is therefore unsafe to attempt any correlation on this basis. 
Nor do the stratigraphical features of the Panjal rocks offer any 
assistance, for they do not appear to include any fossiliferous beds 
similar to either the cambrian or the silurian of Spiti, while their 
structural conditions are so highly complicated by supposed inversions 
of the strata, that in many cases their true relations to the now under- 
and over-lying beds may be the reverse of what they appear, and 
until fossils have been found in the older palaeozoic rocks of Kash- 
mir, the only hope of correlating them with thoi.e of Spiti will lie in 
tracing the series of known age continuously from one area into the 
other. 
* Memoirs, G. S. I., vol. V, p. 341. 
( 30 ) 
