CARBONIFEROUS SYSTEM. ^3 
stone appear to be thinner than in the Lipak section but t icker than 
at Muth. 
Among the Kashmir and Spiti fossils described a few years ago by 
Professor Diener are two badly preserved specimens of a form iden- 
tified by him with Syringothyris cuspidata, Mart.' They are said 
to have been "obtained near Kuling in Spiti, by Dr. Stoliczka, from 
a black crinoidal limestone." Professor Diener continues as follows • 
" There is some probability of this rock specimen having been derived 
from the crinoid limestone horizon which Griesbach has demonstrated 
to underlie the white quartzite of Spiti, and which he correlates with 
the mountain limestone of Europe. If this probability could be proved, 
the presence of Syringothyris citspidata would be strongly in favour 
of Griesbach's correlation." ^ The limestone referred to is Griesbach's 
"earthy, grey crinoid limestone" which constitutes bed No. 7 of his 
sequence (Memoirs, G. S. I., vol. XXIII), and which underlies the 
" red crinoid limestone." At Muth, however, the grey limestone in 
question has already been shown to be certainly not younger than upper 
silurian, nor does it in any respect resemble the black oolitic and 
crinoidal limestone in which Syringothyris cuspidata occurs both at 
Muth and at Kuling : the latter limestone is, in fact, Griesbach's 
" upper carboniferous (8«)," and the presence in it of Syringothyris 
cuspidata ^ is, as Dr. Diener remarks, strongly in favour of its being 
of lower carboniferous age. It maybe added that Griesbach's "earthy, 
grey crinoid limestone," is not seen at Kuling, nor, indeed, within 
many miles of that village, the lowest bed exposed being the Muth 
quartzite, which forms the core of an anticline between the villages of 
Khdr, on the right bank of the Pin river, and Kungri, on the left ; 
only the uppermost part of the quartzite is seen at the river-side below 
^ Since the above was written, Professor Diener's descriptions of the Spiti 
fossils, collected by Dr. von Krafft and the present writer in 1899, have reached 
India and are being published in Pal. Indica, Himalayan Fossils, vol. I, pt. 5. 
With regard to the identification of the Spiti fossil with Syringotliyris cuspidata, 
Mart., see pp. 147-150 and Appendix to that memoir. 
* " Anthracolithic fobsils of Kashmir and Spiti," Pal. Indica, ser. XV, vol. I, 
pi. 2, p. 76, and pi. IV, figs. 9, 10. 
' Ibid , p. 95. 
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