58 HAYDEN : GEOLOGY OF SPITl. 
east, the series is certainly continuous under the high mesozoic ranges 
north of the Spiti river between Po and Changrizang, and is seen 
again in Rupshu, where, however, the rocks have been greatly affected 
by contact- and dynamo-metamorphism. 
The lower carboniferous limestones are not known to occur 
, in Kashmir,^ the only limestones referred by 
Representatives of ' ■' •' 
the carboniferous Lydekker to that system being the Zewdn beds 
sys em in as mir. described originally by Godwin Austen.^ These 
beds are now generally regarded as not older than upper carboni- 
ferous, and they cannot therefore correspond with those of the Lipak 
river. It seems possible, however, that lower carboniferous limestones 
may occur in Kashmir, for certain sections described by Lydekker, in 
which slates and quartzites are found overlying limestones, distinctly 
recall the carboniferous beds of lower Spiti ; in most cases, however, 
Lydekker looks upon the slates and quartzites as members of his Panjal 
system and consequently assumes that the section is inverted, and that 
the limestone belongs to his '* Supra-kuling series/' The true relations 
can only be determined by a careful and detailed survey, but the question 
is one of great interest, and the probabilities are certainly in favour of 
the existence of lower carboniferous beds in Kashmir. 
The following table shows the subdivisions of the younger 
palaeozoic systems of Spiti and Bashahr : — 
' Except in Rupshu : see below, p. 93. 
' * Quart, journ. Geo!. Soc, vol, XX, p. 383, vol. XXII, p. 2g. 
( 58 ) 
