TRIASSIC SYSTEM. 
6l 
Himalayas until many years later, when the remarkable discovery by 
Mr. Griesbach of a complete passage from permian to trias in the 
mountains of Kumaon and Garhwal completely revolutionised exist- 
ing ideas on the subject of Himalayan stratigraphy. Stoliczka, too, 
had previously found, in South Karnag beds that he regarded as of 
lower triassic age, but he apparently obtained 
Stoliczka. 
no fossils from them, and he overlooked the fos- 
siliferous horizons at the base of the trias in Spiti. The section des- 
cribed in greatest detail by him is that seen behind Kuling, where, 
according to his description, the Productus shales are immediately 
overlain by beds with Daonella lommeli} This statement was due to 
the fact that his observations were made on an imperfect section found 
low down on the left side of the small stream which runs between 
Kuling and Kungri. Here the lower trias and muschelkalk have been 
cut out by a fault, and the section is exactly in accordance with his 
description, but a little further to the east, on the higher part of the 
ridge, the whole of the lower trias is found in its normal position. 
By Mr. Griesbach the base of the trias was assumed to lie at the 
_ top of the Productus shales, which, in all normal 
Griesbach. 
sections in Spiti are overlain by a series of thin 
alternating beds of limestone and shale. The following subdivision of 
the lower trias will be found in his memoir (Mem., G. S. I., vol. XXIII, 
p. 220) : — 
/"Light-grey limestone ; Ptychiiesgerardt, and other muschelkalk^ 
II.] {Lower. 
Lb rachiopod limestone ....... (trias. 
10. Otoceras beds (passage-beds) . . . . . , J 
The beds containing Otoceras were regarded by him as either of 
lower triassic age * or as permo-trias passage-beds.' Between these 
and the " Brachiopod limestone " there is a considerable thickness of 
thin-bedded limestone and shale, containing fossils ; no special name 
• Memoirs, G. S. I., vol. V, p. 345. 
* Records, G. S. I., vol. XIII, p. 103 ; Memoirs, G. S. I., vol. XXIII, pp. 174, 
177, 319. 
» Records, G. S. I., vol. XXII, p. 166; Memoirs, G. S. I., vol. XXIII, pp. 68, 
219, 223. 
( 61 ) 
