66 
HAYDEN : GEOLOGY OF SPITI. 
bedded limestone and shale, having a total thickness of about 34 feet. 
Tl'is is the equivalent of the greater part of Diener's " Subrobustus 
beds" of the Kumaon Himalayas. In the present memoir this term 
will not be employed, for Ceratites snbrobusttis, Mojs., has not been 
found in these beds in Spiti, but occurs at a considerably higher 
horizon; the name *' Hedenstraemia beds," suggested by Dr. von 
Krafft, will therefore be substituted. 
The lower part of the series consists of a band of hard limestones, 
„ , , • , , weathering brown; it is about 4 feet thick, and 
Hedenstraemia beds. . 
contains few fossils, which are badly preserved 
but appear to include Flemingites sp. Owing to the absence of fossils' 
it is uncertain whether this band should or should not be included in 
the Hedenstraemia beds. It is overlain by thin-bedded limestone, with 
narrow partings of shale, having a total thickness of about 30 feet, and 
containing numerous lower triassic fossils, which include — 
Danuhites nivalis, Diener. 
„ puruslia, Diener. 
„ kapila, Diener. 
Hedenstrcemia mojsisovicsi, Diener. 
Flemi ngiies rohilla, Diener. 
„ cf. salya, Diener. 
Aspidifes superbiis, Waagen. 
Koninckites yudisthira, Diener. 
The above series constitutes the "Hedenstraemia beds" in the 
sense in which the term was employed by Dr. von Krafft. Ammonites 
occur throughout the series, which is overlain by lithologically similar 
beds of limestone and shale having a thickness of about 6 feet. Two 
Vior\7.or\ oi Pseudo- fossiliferous horizons occur in these beds; the 
monotis htmatca. lower horizon has yielded large numbers of 
bivalves, which consist almost entirely of Pseudomonotis (? Avicula) 
htmatca, Bittner, and Pseudomonotis dectdens, Bittner. 
The upper horizon, which is a calcareous shale or shaly limestone, 
Horizon of Rhyn- occurs 6 feet higher up and contains brachio- 
chonella fry{e,b„chi. pods, including Rhynchonella griesbachi, 
Bittner, and Retzia htmatca, Bittner. 
( 66 ) 
