TRIASSIC SYSTEM. 7! 
MUSCHELKALK. 
The nodular limestone is overlain by thin beds of limestone and 
hovhon of Ceratites s'^^'^' containing badly preserved cephalopods, 
subrobustus. none of which have been determined. Above 
this is a narrow band of limestone, in which are numerous well- 
preserved fossils. They include — 
Ceratites subrobustus, Mojs. 
Monophyllites confucii, Diener. 
„ pitamaha, Diener. 
Sibirifes prahlada, Diener. 
Gymnites ugra, Diener. 
Danubites kaiisa, Diener. 
Hungarites sp. 
This bed has been traced throughout Spiti and Bashahr, but is 
particularly well seen in the upper Thanam valley and near Tanga 
Chenmo in the valley of the Gyundi river. 
A few inches higher up is a band of shaly limestone or calcareous 
Calcareous shale with shale, containing the characteristic fossils of the 
Spiriferinastracheyi. horizon of Spiriferina stracheyi, viz.:— 
Spiriferina stracheyi, Salter. 
Spirigera stoliczkai, Bittner. 
Terebratula himalayana, Bittner. 
Rhynchonella mutabilis, Stol. 
The discovery of these two horizons in one and the same section 
is one of considerable importance, for the cephalopod fauna with 
Ceratites subrobustus contains a large number of species which had 
hitherto been found only in the detached and isolated blocks (so-called 
klippen) of Chitichun, and were described by Diener, ^ who believed 
them to be of lower muschelkalk age. 
It was at first supposed that the cephalopod and the brachic pod 
horizons were separate and distinct, but it was subsequently found 
by Dr. von Krafft that brachiopods occur also with the cephalopods 
and the two probably constitute one horizon, in the lower part of 
' Pal. Indica, ser. XV, vol, li, pt. 2, pp. loi— 118. 
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