CORRELAriON OF THE MESOZOIC. 89 
Pira limestone, Tagling limestone, Spiti shales, Giumal sandstone and 
Chikkim limestone and shales, while he employed the term " supra- 
Kuling series" for the whole of the triassic and Jurassic systems. 
Hence no attempt can be made to correlate the beds of Kashmir gene- 
rally with those of Spiti, until the stratigraphy of the former area has 
been worked out in much greater detail. At present we know merely 
that muschelkalk and upper triassic beds, apparently similar to those 
of Spiti, have been found at a few localities,— Sonamarg, Vihi, and 
Gurez, — and it is probable that lower trias and other subdivisions of 
the mesozoic group will be found to exist.* 
Of the areas to the north-west and north of Kashmir, our knowledge 
is equally scanty, but Monotis salinaria was found by Stoliczka near 
Aktash on the Pamir, in a rock which appears to be lithologically iden- 
tical with that in which the same fossil occurs in Spiti.* 
Correlation with the trias of Europe. 
It has been seen that the mesozoic beds of Spiti afford an unbroken 
series of deposits from lowermost trias to cretaceous, and since many 
of the characteristic species of the trias of Europe occur also in Spiti, 
it is possible to recognise many of the stages into which the European 
sequence has been divided ; we thus find representatives of the 
muschelkalk, ladinic, cariiic, and juvavic stages. In such a complete 
series, however, where individual sections frequently exhibit an un- 
broken sequence, bed upon bed, from one end of the trias to the other, 
without a trace of unconformity or gap of any kind, it is natural that 
horizons should be found which are, so far as we know, not repre- 
sented in Europe : thus the small band of limestone lying upon the 
uppermost bed of the muschelkalk contains forms common both to 
* Since the above was wrillen, lower triassic fossils have been found by Dr. 
Noetling in Kashmir. 
In this connection, it is interesting to note that this very characteristic 
species has recently been found by Mr. Vredenburg in an extensive system of 
shales and shaly limestones in the Zhob valley in Baluchistdn. See General Report, 
G. S. I., 1901-1902, p. 31. 
( 89 ) 
