i02 HAYDEN: GEOLOGY OF SPltl. 
Iron. 
Red haematite is found in the higli range about 3 miles south-west 
of Muth in the Pin valley. It forms a band about 
3 feet thick among the cambrian trilobite beds, 
and boulders of it occur in the conglomerate which underlies the lower 
Silurian quartzite. Its total extent is small, and, in the absence of fuel, 
it is of no economic value. 
Galena. 
Galena occurs in a small quartz vein, infiltrated along a fault plane 
in the upper triassic limestones in the hills 
between Po and Dankhar. It is found only in 
small, isolated cubes, which are laboriously extracted by the local 
shikaris for the manufacture of bullets. 
Gold. 
The only locality in which this mineral has been found in the area 
dealt with in the present Memoir is Chagya 
Gold. 
Sumdo, on the border between Rupshu and the 
Tibetan province of To-tzo. A few pits, from ten to fifteen feet in 
depth, are to be seen in the sub-recent gravels on the left bank of the 
P4r4 river. They were said to have been dug some fifteen or sixteen 
years previously by the Tibetans, who obtained a small quantity of 
gold, but eventually deserted them as not being sufficiently pro- 
ductive. A small amount of material was panned here, and at other 
localities in Rupshu, by the present writer, but no trace of gold was 
found. 
Amethyst. 
Amethyst (amethystine quartz) is common in the Sutlej valley in 
. , Bashahr, and is known to occur at several locali- 
Amethyst. 
ties. Both it and the blue kyanite, which is so 
plentiful in Kanaur and Bhabeh, and indeed throughout Bashahr 
State, have been repeatedly mistaken by natives and inexperienced 
Europeans for sapphire. 
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