Io8 HAYDEN: GEOLOGY OF SPITI. 
boulder-bed of the Salt Range, the Blaini boulder-slate of Simla and the 
Panjal conglomerate of Kashmir, thus referring all four to the same 
horizon. Of these, Mr. Middlemiss has had the opportunity of examin- 
ing all but the Panjal conglomerate, and his conclusions are therefore 
entitled to no small degree of consideration. On the other hand, it is 
difficult to resist the temptation to correlate the Hazara rock with the 
lower silurian conglomerate of Spiti, for each of these passes up 
into a comparatively thin band of shale, overlain by a red— at times 
purple — quartzite in the one case, and by a purple sandstone in the 
other. 
The most recent and generally accepted views with regard to the 
correlation of the Spiti and Simla rocks are to be found in the " Manual 
of the Geology of India," ^ in which the Blaini boulder-slate is indi- 
cated as the probable equivalent of the Panjal conglomerates of 
Kashmir and the Talchir boulder-bed of the Salt Range, and these 
again referred to the permian conglomerates of Po in Spiti. The 
first observer to draw attention to the Po rock was General McMahon, 
who described an outcrop of conglomerate, seen on the road between 
that village and Dankhar, as consisting of large boulders in a fine- 
grained, slaty matrix, the whole resembling the Blaini "conglomerate."^ 
In a subsequent paper, ^ however, he appears to accept Stoliczka's corre- 
lation of the Blaini rock with the silurian conglomerate of Muth, thus 
following him in supposing that the cambrian and silurian rocks near 
that village were merely a different facies of the slates and quartzites 
of lower Spiti : there is now no doubt that the latter series represents 
the permian and part of the carboniferous systems, and this still 
further emphasises the futility of any attempt at correlation on the 
strength of mere lithological resemblance. 
As has already been stated above (p. 52), the permian conglomerate 
of Spiti is also exposed at the junction of the Lingti and Spiti rivers 
below Dankhar. This outcrop was noticed both by General McMahon 
' Manual, G. S. I., 2nd Ed., pp. 132—138. 
■ ' Records, G. S. I., vol. XII, p. 63. 
' Records, G. S. I., vol. XIV, p. 309. 
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