6 
DIENER : TRIAS OF THE HIMALAYAS. 
In 1883 C. L. Griesbach visited Spiti in order to remove certain 
discrepancies between Stoliczka's description and his own observations 
in the Central Himalayas of Kumaon and Garhwal. He was able to 
show that Stoliczka's Kuling shales were of Permian age and followed 
conformably by the Lower Trias and by the Muschelkalk, which 
Stohczka had failed to recognise in his Triassic sections.^ 
In the meantime the survey of Kashmir and Ladakh had been 
brought to a close by R. Lydekker. He made an attempt to identify 
in Kashmir the subdivisions established by Stoliczka in Spiti. Being 
obliged by the difficulty of the terrane to include in one single 
group — his •• Supra-Kuhng series " all the beds from the Lilang series 
upwards to the Chikkim Umestone, he was not able to establish any 
subdivisions of the Triassic rocks, which he found, however, widely 
distributed throughout the district, which had been surveyed by him 
during the years 1875 to 1882.^ 
In 1891 C. L. Griesbach published his memoir on the geology of the 
Central Himalayas.'^ 
This is, indeed, a standard work to the student of Himalayan geology, 
dealing with the vast area of high ranges of Garhwal and Kumaon, 
including Byans and some of the adjoining parts of Hundes. 
The fossil Cephalopoda collected by him in his researches were sent 
to Vienna and examined by E. v. Mojsisovics.* They indicated the 
existence of several Triassic localities and horizons sufficiently rich in 
fossils to encourage the promotion of a special expedition into the 
Central Himalayas. This joint expedition of the Imperial Academy 
of Vienna and of the Geological Survey of India (May to October 1892), 
in which Diener, Griesbach and Middlemiss took part, made a detailed 
survey of the Bambanag and Shalshal cliff sections and had the good 
fortune to discover the remarkable region of exotic blocks near Chitichun 
No. 1. 
1 C. L. Griesbach : Geological notes, Records, Geol. Surv. of India, XXII, 1889, 
pp. 158, 167. 
- R. Lydekker : The Geology of the Kashmir and Chamba territories, and 
the British district of Khagan. Mern., Geol. Surv. of India, Vol. XXII, 1883. 
3 C. L. Griesbach : Geology of the Central Himalayas. Mem., Geol. Surv. of 
India, Vol. XXIII, 1891. 
* E. V. Mojsisovics : Vorlauhge Bemerkungen ueber die Cephalopodenfaunen 
dcr Himalaya-Trias. Silzg.fher-Kais. AJcad. d. Wissensch. C. 1 . Abt. 1. p. 272. 
^ 207 ) 
