LITERATURE. 
Large collections from all the fossiliferous Triassic beds were obtained, 
but Griesbach's classification of the Triassic system underwent only 
slight modification. The most important, perhaps, was the evidence — 
supported by the pateontological researches of Bittner and F. E. 
Suess — that beds with Koessen types were not known to occur in the 
Himalayas of Painkhanda and Johar, and that Griesbach's " Upper 
Rhsetic " is in fact younger, probably Lias. The boundary between the 
Triassic and Jurassic systems is consequently to be drawn considerably 
lower in the sequence of beds than was done by Griesbach. 
Li addition to Diener's detailed account of the stratigraphical results 
of the expedition in 1892,^ C. Diener, - E. v Mojsisovics ' and A. 
Bittner ^ have published exhaustive descriptions of the various Triassic 
fossil faunae in series XV of the Paloeontologia Indica. 
Those palaeontological researches offered the possibility of a detailed 
comparison of the succession of the individual Triassic faunae both in the 
Himalayas and in the Eastern Alps. They might even seem to justify 
the opinion that our knowledge of the Himalayan Trias had arrived at 
a point beyond which no new results of any great importance could be 
expected. But although this may be true to some extent with regard 
to the sections of Painkhanda and Western Johar, the Trias of the 
Himalayas as a whole was by no means known in great detail. 
Even in the two classical sections of the Bambanag and Shalshal cliffs 
two gaps had to be filled by later examinations, the absence of the 
ladinic stage and of beds representing the zone of Tropites subbullatus. 
On the other hand considerable interest in Himalayan geology had 
been aroused by the memoirs mentioned above. 
After several years' intermission the geological survey of the higher 
ranges of the Himalayas was resumed in 1898. H. Hayden was deputed 
to Spiti and made detailed studies in the Palaeozoic and Triassic regions 
1 C. Diener : Ergebuisse einer geologischen Expedition in den Central Himalaya 
von Johar, Hundus und Painkhanda, Denkschr. Kais. Akad. d. Wiss., LXII, 1895, 
pp. 533-608. 
2 C. Diener : Cephalopoda of the Muschelkalk, Himalayan Fossils, Palceontologia 
Indica, ser. XV, Vol. II, Pt. 2, (1895). Ce])h;iloi)0(la of tlio Lower Trias, ibidnn 
Vol. II, Pt. 1,(1897). 
^ E. V. Moj.sisovics : Upper Triassic Cephalopoda faun* of the Himalayas, ibidem 
Vol. Ill, Pt. I, (1899). The German original was published in 1896 in Vol. LXIIl 
of the Denkschr. d. Kais. Akad. d. Wissensch. 
* A. Bittner : Trias Brachiopoda and Lamellibranchiata of the Himalayas, 
Palceontologia Indica, I. c. Vol. Ill, Pt. 2, (1899). 
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