10 
DIENEH : TRIAS OP THE HIMALAYAS. 
After the death of A. v. KrafEt the task of finishing the survey of 
Spiti and Rupshu devolved upon H. Hayden. The results of his work 
carried out during the three seasons of 1898, 1899 and 1901, were 
exposed in a memoir, in which the chapter dealing with the Triassic 
rocks, has been based chiefly on the notes left by his late companion 
in the field. ^ 
Of the rich fossil materials collected by those distinguished officers 
in the Muschelkalk and in the Upper Trias only a cursory examination 
had been made by A. v. KrafEt.'- A full account, with the descriptions 
and figures of new forms discovered since 1897, was pubhshed in the 
Palosontologia Indica by Diener," who also undertook the work of 
revising and editing a monograph of the Cephalopoda from the Lower 
Trias, which had been left unfinished by A. v. KrafEt in 1901.* 
A synopsis of the stratigraphy of the Trias in Asia by F. Noethng,^ 
which appeared in 1905, deserves special mention. As I shall have to 
refer to this memoir repeatedly, a short abstract will be found useful. 
As the best representative of the Indo-Chinese zoogeographical pro- 
vince, the Trias of the Himalayas is treated rather extensively. The 
boundary between the Permian and Triassic systems is drawn by 
Noetling above the Otoceras beds, according to his views expressed in 
1900. The Trias begins with the zone of Proptychites {Prionolobus) 
Markhami Dien., and includes ten cephalopod- bearing horizons. 
Ueber das permische Alter der Otoceras-Stufe des Himalaya. Centralblatt f. 
Mineral, 1901, p. 275 ; C. Diener : Ueber das Alter der Otoceras beds des Hima- 
laya, ibidem, p. 510 ; C. Diener : Zur Fi-age des Alters der Otoceras beds im Hima- 
laya, ibid., p. 655. F. Noetling in F. Freeh, Lethcea Palceozoica, II, Dyas, p. 653 ; 
F. Noetling : Ueber das Alter der Otoceras Scliichten von Rimkin Paiar {Pain- 
khanda) im Himalaya. Neues Jahrb. f. Mineral, Beil. Bd. XVIII, p. 258. C. 
Diener : Ueber die stratigraphisclie >Stelliing der Otoceras beds des Himalaya, 
Centralbl. f. Mineral, 1905, pp. 1-9, 36-45. 
^ H. Hayden : The geology of 8piti, with parts of Bashahr and Rupshu, Mem, 
Geol. Burv. of India, Vol. XXXVI, Pt. 1, 1904. 
2 A. V. Krafit : General Report Geol. Surv. of India, 1898-99, pp. 11-12. 
^ C. Diener : The fauna of the Himalayan Muschelkalk, Palceonf. Indica, set. 
XV, Himalayan, Foss. Vol. V, Pt. 2, (1907) ; Ladinic, carni and noric fauna; of 
ypiti, ibidem. Vol. V, Pt. 3, (1908). 
* PulcEontologia Indica, ser. XV, Himal. Foss., Vol. VI, Pt. 1, (1909). 
^ F. Noetling : Die asiatischc Trias, Leihosa geognostica, II, Teil, Das Mesozoic- 
um, Bd. I, Tdas, 2. Liefg., Stuttgart, Schweizerbart, 1906. 
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