DTENER : TRTAS OF THE ITIATALAYAS. 
F. Frech^ infers the presence of beds of Lower Triassic age iiiLadakli 
from a new examination of Ammonites peregrinus Beyr. in the Museum 
of Berlin. The specimen had been collected by the missionary Proch 
now and described by K. Beyrich in 1864 and 1867.' From the illus- 
trations and descri])tions I did not dare to decide whether the poorly 
preserved fragment belonged to an ammonite of Muschelkalk or Lower 
Triassic or even Permian age." Freeh, however, on the strength of a 
personal examination, includes it in the genus Fleminqiten Waag., thus 
proving the presence of the Hedenstroemia stage. 
The recent researches of Hayden' and Middlemiss"' in the Vihi 
district have done mucli to ascertain the wide distribution of Lower 
Triassic sediments in Kashmir. 
Hayden was fortunate enough to discover a fossiliferous horizon in 
the Guryul ravine, containing Pseudomonotis, BeUerophon, Xenodiscus, 
Flemingites. The sections in the Guryul ravine and east of it have been 
examined in detail by C. S. Middlemiss (1. c, p. 303). He found the 
beds, which seem to be included in the Lower Trias, of unusual thick- 
ness (about 150 feet). The lower division of hard, thin- bedded lime- 
stones (about 100 feet) has not yielded any fossils, but in the upper divi- 
sion consisting of shales with thin limestone beds intercalated, several 
fossiliferous horizons have been noticed. Among the species of 
Cephalopoda enumerated by Middlemiss, Meekoceras cf. lilangense 
Krafft points to the Meekoceras stage, wliereas Xenodiscus of the 
group of X. Purusha and the sharp-keeled ammonites recalling Heden- 
stroemia suggest the presence of a younger (Hedenstroemia) stage. 
Equivalents of the lowest (Otoceras) stage have not as yet been found 
in Kashmir. 
/. Interregional Correlation of fossiliferous horizons. 
The development of the Lower Trias is almost identical in Pain- 
khanda and Spiti. The two sections of the Shalshal cliff and of Lilang 
1 F. Freeh : Triasammoniten aus Kashmir. Centralbl. f. Miner, etc., 1902, p. 1.34. 
2 E. Beyrich : Monatsber Kgl. A lead. d. Wissensch . Berlin, 18 January 1864, 
f). .58, and " Ueber einige Cephalopoclen aus dem Muschelkalk der Alpen, etc.," 
Abhand. kgl. preuss. Akad. Berlin, 1866. No. 2, p. 123, Taf. V, fig. 4- 
3 Cephalopoda of the Lower Trias, Fnlo'ont. Ind., I. c, p. 1. 
* Records, Geol. Sun: of India, XXXVI, (1907), p. 2.3. 
5 C. S. Middlemiss : Gondwanas and related marine sedimentary systems of 
Kashmir. Records, Oeol. Surv. of India, XXXVII, (1909), p. 297- 
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