MUSCHELKALK OF KASHMIR. 
67 
A faunula of the Upper Muschelkalk of a rather peculiar character 
was collected by Diener on the southern slope of the Uttardhura 
leading from Milam (Johar) to the Girthi valley (Painkhanda). The 
three following species are peculiar to this locality and have not been 
found in the sections of Painkhanda and Spiti : — 
Orthoceras cf. campanile Mojs. 
Acrochordiceras joharense Dien. 
Pseudodanubites Dritarashtra Dien. 
An exposure of Muschelkalk, probably rich in beautifully preserved 
fossils, but not yet examined thoroughly, was discovered by Griesbach 
on the eastern slope of the Tsang Tsok La (Hop Gadh) in Hundes. It 
has yielded the following species : — 
Ceratites {HoUandites) Hidimha Dien. 
Beyrichites Khanikofji 0pp. 
Ptychites Govinda Dien. 
Proarcestes Balfouri 0pp. 
In general the fauna of the Upper Muschelkalk is very uniform in 
Painkhanda and Spiti. The number of species peculiar to either of the 
two districts will no doubt be reduced still more considerably by future 
researches. 
6. The Muschelkalk of Kashmir. 
The presence of Muschelkalk in Kashmir is proved by a small number 
of ammonites and brachiopods, collected by Prochnow, the brothers von 
Schlagintweit, Stoliczka and Lydekker. 
Spiriferina StracJieyi Salt, from the Tsarap valley (Zanskar basin) 
points to the lower division of the Muschelkalk (group No. 3). 
The fauna of the Upper Muschelkalk is indicated by Ceratites 
Thuilleri (Sonamarg), Gymnites Snlteri Beyr. (Ladakh, exact locality not 
known), Proarcestes Balfouri 0pp. { = Escheri Mojs.,) from Dras (50 to 
60 miles E. N. E. of Srinagar), Ptychites Durandii Dien. from Padam 
(Zanskar valley).^ 
In the sections of the Guryul ravine the Muschelkalk is represented 
by sandy shales with subordinate limestones , which follow conformably 
above the Lower Trias. In the middle division of this group 
^Palaont. Indica, ser. XV, Vol. V,Pt. 2, p. 139. 
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