70 
DIENER : TRIAS OF THE HIMALAYAS. 
limestone, following above this brachiopod-layer, is rich in Cephalopoda 
of the Upper Muschelkalk. Fossils, which are as a rule strongly 
deformed and elliptical in outlines, have been found in considerable 
numbers near Kalapani (Griesbach) and Jolinka (Smith, A. v. KrafEt). 
The following species have been determined by Diener : — 
Atractites Smithii Dien. 
Orthoceras cf. campanile Mojs. 
Grypoceras Griesbachi Dien. 
Mojsvaroceras sp. ind. aff. Morloti Mojs. 
„ nivicola Dien. 
Ceratites Thuilleri 0pp. 
,, Kuvera Dien. 
{Philippites) joUnkanus Dien. 
,, {HoUmidites) Vyasa Dien. 
,, Roxburykii Dien. 
{Peripleurecyclus) Smithianus Dien. 
Smithoceras Drummondii Dien. 
Sageceras sp. ind. 
Buddhaites Ranvt Dien. 
Bukowskiites Colvini Dien. 
Pinacoceras Loomisii Dien. 
Gymnites J oily anus 0pp. 
,, Kirata Dien. 
,, Sankara Dien. 
Plychites Sahadeva Dien. 
This fauna, although showing unmistakably the character of the 
Upper Muschelkalk, is remarkable for the large number of types peculiar 
to this area. Not only the lithological, but also the faunistic develop- 
ment of the Muschelkalk in Byans is different from that of the north- 
western facies. Among twenty species of Cephalopoda not less than ten 
have not yet been found in any Himalayan district outside Byans. 
Some very remarkable types, as Smithoceras, Philippites, Peripleurocy- 
clus, Bukowskiites, Pinacoceras Loomisii are represented among them. 
Smithoceras Drummondii deserves special interest, as the most primitive 
ancestor of the highly specialised types of Haloritiwe and Juvavitinai in 
the Upper Trias. 
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