76 
DIENER : TRIAS OF THE HIMALAYAS. 
Traumatocrinus limestone, a series of thin-bedded concretionary lime- 
stone, with shaly partings, about 25 feet in thickness, which although 
agreeing lithologically with the Upper Muschelkalk, yielded a different 
f aunula consisting of the following species : — 
Daonella indica Dittn. 
,, cf. ohliqua Mojs. 
Spirigera hunica Bittn. 
Celtiles cf. trigonalis Dien. 
Joannites cf. proavus Dien. 
There is only the presence of Joannites cf. proavus which can be 
urged in favour of a correlation with the ladinic stage. Otherwise 
the fauna is closely allied with that of the Traumatocrinus limestone. 
Daonella Lommeli the most important leading fossil of the Daonella 
shales of Spiti, is not yet known from any Triassic section in Pain- 
khanda. 
In the Bambanag cliff the Traumatocrinus limestone is also 
present, but beds to which a ladinic age might be assigned with any 
probability were not found there by A. v. Krafft. 
There is, perhaps, an indication of the ladinic stage in the faunula 
of a dark grey limestone, which was discovered by C. L. Griesbach 
opposite the Ralphu glacier in the Lissar valley and designated by him 
" horizon of Ammonites Aon." This faunula contains the following 
Bpecies : — 
Daonella indica Bittn. 
Arpadites lissarensis Mojs. 
Protrachyceras ralphuanum Mojs. 
Joannites sp. ind. 
PtycJiites Gerardi Blfd. 
,, posthumus Mojs. 
Although this fauna has an older aspect than that of the Trauma- 
tocrinus limestone, there is no direct proof of its ladinic age. It is too 
scanty and meagre to permit any definite statement, as it might be 
attributed to the ladinic or lower carnic stage with nearly equal 
reason. 
In Byans there is no evidence whatever of a representation of the 
ladinic stage. It might be looked for in the uniform mass of light grey 
( 277 ) 
