80 
DIENER : TRIAS OF THE HIMALAYAS. 
SO widely, that they have to be considered as prototypes of isolated 
subgenera. They are: Peripleurocyclus Smithianus Dien., Salterites 
Oberhummeri Dien., Haydenites Hatschekii Dien. Two more new sub- 
genera with ceratitic sutures, peculiar to the Indian Trias, are Pseudo- 
danubites Hyatt, and BuJcowskiites Dien. 
In the genus Beyrichites we meet two isolated forms — B. Gam/adhara 
Dien. and B. Rudra Dien. The same remark applies to the group of 
Ptychites Malletianus Stol. and Ptychites Gerardi Blfd., both representing 
types, which differ completely from the Ptychites of the Mediterranean 
region. Nor does Buddhaites Rama Dien. bear any closer relation to 
any of the Alpine species of Gymnites, Pinacoceras or Carnites 
although it unites characters of those three genera. 
The most aberrant type in this fauna is perhaps Smithoceras Duran- 
dii Dien., the primitive ancestor of Upper Triassic Juvavitinoe. 
The Lamellibranchiata of the Himalayan Upper Muschelkalk are 
known to us very superficially only, but some species, as Posidonomya 
cf. bosniaca Bittn., are probably nearly allied to Alpine forms. A 
similar remark applies to the Gastropoda, which have been studied by 
Blaschke. Species of Pleurotomaria and Worthenia largely predominate, 
whereas species of Naticopsidoe, Neritidoe and all types with Palaeozoic 
affinities, such as Bellerophon, Capidus, Euomphalus, are entirely 
absent. 
In the zone of Spiriferina Stracheyi the affinities of the Indian and 
Alpine faunae are much more remote. The species of Brachio poda are 
all isolated types, which differ considerably from all Alpine congeneric 
forms, as has been stated by Bittner. Among the cephalopods Stacheites 
and Dalmatites are in Europe hitherto known only from the Campil beds 
of the Lower Trias. Four species of Monophyllites, which belong to the 
sections of M. sphoerophyllus and M. Suessii {Mojsvarites), are distin- 
guished from the congeneric forms of the Alpine Upper Muschelkalk by 
their simpler sutures, but one of them, Monophyllites {Mojsvarites) 
Confucii Dien., is so closely allied to M. Suessii, that Freeh proposes to 
unite it with that species as a variety.^ A second species, Monophyll- 
ites Hara Dien., has been discovered among Nopcsa's collections from 
1 F. Freeh, Neue Cephalopoden aus dem suedlichen Bakony, Paloeontologischer 
Anhang zu KesuUate der Wissenschaftl. Erforschg. des Balatonsees, Bd. I, 
Erster Teil., p. 17. 
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