no 
DIENEU : TBIAS OF. THE HIMALAYAS. 
exhibit a striking similarity to the fauna of the beds with Lobites 
ellipticHS near Aussee. The genera Anatomites, Griesbachifes, Hypo- 
cladiscites and 8fi/rites are represented by species nearly allied in both 
areas. Among the Lamellibranchiata, Halobiae of the group of H. 
rugosa are an important element characteristic of the julic substage. 
Both the Trauraatocrinus limestone and the main mass of the beds 
with Halobia comata in the Bambanag and Shalshal cliffs must therefore 
be correlated with the Grey beds of Spiti. 
The fauna of the Tropites beds has not yet been found in 
the sections of Painkhanda examined by Griesbach, Diener and 
A. V. Krafft, but we have strong evidence in favour of this horizon 
being represented there by the uppermost layers of the calcareous 
shales with Halobia comata. Nearly all the ammonites described by 
E. V. Mojsisovics were collected from the lower and middle divisions 
of this rock-group, whereas only one species with European affinities^ 
Mojsvarites eugyrus Mojs., is known from the topmost beds, but this 
species has been found in Europe not only in beds of julic age, but also 
in the zone of Tropites subbullatus. 
It is not probable that no sediment at all was deposited in this 
region of the Himalayas during the tuvalic period. I prefer to agree 
with E. v. Mojsisovics in suggesting that the uppermost layers of the 
beds with Halobia comata underlying the nodular limestone with 
Proclydonautilus Griesbachi, correspond with the Tropites beds and that 
their fauna will be discovered there some day, for cephalopods are not 
rare in this thick mass of shaly beds, but it is very difficult to secure 
tliem owing to their fragility 
Both the Halobia limestone and the dolomitic limestone with 
Lima cf. austriaca and Halobia a ff. superba ot Spiti are wanting in the 
more eastern sections. The tuvalic substage, with a thickness of about 
900 feet in Spiti, is reduced to an insignificant band of calcareous 
shales in Painkhanda. 
Of the two divisions, into which the noric stage of the Himalayas 
falls naturally in Spiti and Painkhanda, the upper one is developed 
1 The ammonites collected in the beds with Halobia comata in 1900 by A. v. 
Krafft belong chiefly to the genera Juvavites, Anatomites and ArceMes, but do not 
admit: of specific determination. The specimen of Griesbachites Medleyanvs quoted 
in,' ' Himalayan Fossils,' ' Vol. V, Pt. 3, p. 152, has not been found in A. v. Krafft's 
collections. 
( 311 ) 
