CORRELATION oP THE UPPER TRIAS. 
113 
uniform character throughout the Mesozoic belt of the central 
Himalayas. 
In Asia beds of Upper Triassic age are not distributed widely outside 
the Indian region. In Asia Minor the rhaetic stage has been discovered 
by G. V. Bukowski.^ The fauna, consisting chiefly of brachiopods 
and lamellibranchs, bears the stamp of an upper noric or rhaetic 
Mediterranean fauna, but shows no affinity to the noric faunae of the 
Himalayas.^ 
On the Island of Kotelny (New Siberia) Upper Triassic shales and 
marly limestones have been discovered by Baron E. Toll. A preli- 
minary examination of the rich fauna has convinced me of its carnic 
age. The most important elements are Ha^obioe of the group of 
H. fascigera Bittn. This is a decidedly Indian type in this Arctic 
fauna, which is not known from any other Arctic region, where Triassic 
sediments are developed in a bivalve facies (Eureka sound, Bears Island, 
Spitzbergen). Cephalopoda are very rare and represented in Baron 
Toll's collection by only a few specimens of Cladiscites, Pinacoceras 
(group of P. rex Mojs.) and Arcestes.^ 
In Western America the carnic stage is represented by the Tropites 
beds of the Hosselkus limestone in Shasta county, California. Accord- 
ing to J. P. Smith ^ the affinity of their rich fauna is much greater to 
the Mediterranean than to the Indian faunae, although several species 
are probably common to both areas. The following species are 
directly or nearly identical : — • 
Tropites suhhullatus Hau. 
,, torquillus Mojs. 
Trachysagenites Herbichi Mojs. 
A considerable number of American carnic species :re represented 
in India by forms, which are very closely related. 
The association of Tropites and Trachyceras in California points 
to an early appearance of the Tropitidoe in America, where they 
1 G. V. Bukowski, Die geologischen Verhseltnisse der Umgebung von Balia 
Maaden, etc., Sitzgsber. Kais. Ahid. Wiss. Wien, CI. 1892, p. 214. 
~ A. Bittner, Triaspetrefakte von Balia Maaden in Kleinasien, Jahrb. K. K. 
Geol. Reiclmmst., XLI, (1891 ), p. 97, XLII, (1892), p. 77, XLV, (1895), p. 249. 
3 Lethaa mesozoica, Vol. I, Trias, p. 542. 
J. P. Smith, The stratigraphy of the Western American Trias, I.e., p. 402. 
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