Xn'l'Klf TT?T\S ()!•• KSSTOrn? AVn TTTK PAMIK. 
115 
Detailed stratigraphical researches would no doubt yield most 
interesting results. 
As to the stratigraphy of the Upper Trias of Kashmir, we only know 
that the thick limestone masses (" Para " limestone), which elsewhere 
form the base of the Spiti shales, are represented there also. It further 
appears from Lydekker's accounts (I.e., p. 168) that this limestone 
mass is underlain by sandy and shaly deposits, as is also the case in 
Spiti and Painkhanda. The lower division is said to contain Monotis 
salinaria Schloth., the upper one chiefly Megalodon and Dicerccardium. 
Only three fossils belonging to the noric stage have so far been 
described : — 
1. Spirigera Noetlingi Bittn.^ collected by Stoliczka from Nio Sumdo 
in Karnag, Zanskar basin, probably also from Pankpo Pass (Zanskar 
basin). The fossil was regarded as liassic by Stoliczka {Memoirs, Ge.ol. 
Surv. Ind., V, pp. 342, 34.5, 346). 
This species is also known from the noric stage of Spiti and of the 
Bambanag section. 
2. Megalodon cultri dens Bittn. (I.e., p. 62), collected by Stoliczka in 
the vichiity of Lingti Sumdo, probably a locality in the Lingti valley, 
Zanskar basin. This species has not yet been obtained from the 
Dachsteinkalk of Spiti. 
3. Megalodon ladakhensis Bittn. (I.e., p. 65), from Shargol at the 
north-western termination of the Zanskar basin. It has been described 
and illustrated as Megalodon cf. gryphoides by Lydekker (I.e., p. 164, 
PI. IV, figs. 1-4). This species also occurs in the Dachsteinkalk of 
Spiti. 
To those three forms a few more may be added, the stratigraphical 
position of which is, however, somewhat doubtful. 
One of them is Dicerocardium himalayense Stol., which Stoliczka 
(I.e., p. 342) records from the "Para " limestone in the section between 
Lahaul and Karag. It is according to his observations very common in 
the " Para" limestone of Ladakh and indicative of either Upper Triassic 
or liassic age. The type-specimen of Dicerocardium himalayense was col- 
lected east of Kioto in north-western Spiti. The forms, which are 
abundant in the " Para " limestone of Spiti, Ladakh and Rupshu, are 
1 A. Bittner, Himal. Foss., Vol. Ill, Pt. 2, p. 68. 
( :31G ) 
