blTER XKIAS Ol^ UYAJNS. 
117 
llalorclla pedata Bronn. 
Mono/is salinaria Schloth. 
Thamnustmea reclilaiHcllom VViiikl. 
Of those five species only Monotis salinaria is known to occur iii the 
Central Himalayas of 8piti. It was first discovered by H. Hayden 
near Mani on the Spiti river in 1899, where it abounds in a grey, shaly 
limestone. It was also observed in the section of Lilang by A. v. 
Krafft, where it is, however, much rarer. 
The rock in which it occurs in Spiti is very similar to that of the 
Pamir. According to A. v. KrafEt's notes hand-specimens from the one 
locality can scarcely be distinguished from those from the other. 
Species of Halorella are as yet unknown from the Himalayas proper, 
but have been found in the south-eastern area of the Indian province, 
namely, in the Upper Trias of the Malayan archipelago. 
/. The Upper Trias of Byans. 
The Upper Trias of Byans differs considerably from that of Johar, 
Painkhanda and Spiti. Very little, however, is known at present ab3ut 
its fossiliferous horizons. The country has not yet been surveyed in 
detail, owing to the difficulty of a cori;ect interpretation of the different 
sections, which appear to be so intensely crushed and disturbed tliat 
an exact determination of tlie single liorizons, wliich litliologicaily 
resemble each other most closely, becomes almost an impossibility. 
Only the general sequence of the beds has been ascertained by F. H. 
Smith in 1899 and by A. v. Krafft in 1900 during their short visits to 
the district. 
The blue-grey limestone, 250 feet in thickness, which follows above 
the chocolate limestone of Lower Triassic age, has yielded the fauna of 
Spiriferina Stracheyi 70 feet above its base and, in the beds immediately 
above this brachiopod-bearing horizon, numerous cephalopods charac- 
teristic of the Upper Muschelkalk. 
The next fossiliferous layer is situated in the topmost bed of this 
blue-grey limestone. This is the famous " Tropites limestone " of Kala- 
pani with its strange association of carnic and noric types In the 
upper portion of the blue-grey limestone the entire ladicic and carnic 
( yl^ } 
