tiBETAN FACIES OF THE HIMALAYAN TRIAS. 
136 
sections of Spiti and Painkhanda.' This zone has the following species 
of ammonites in common with the fauna of the Middlemiss crag :— 
Ceratiles (Danubites) Kansa Dien. 
Jap mitcs Ugra Dien. 
Monophyllites Kingi Dien. 
Hara Dien. 
„ Confucii Dien. 
Pradyumna Dien. 
The presence of those species in the Lower (or middle) Muschelkalk 
of the main belt of the Himalayas satisfactorily proves the correctness 
of a correlation, which had been based on palaeontological evidence only. 
The fauna of the Middlemiss crag exhibits only small affinities with 
the Alpine Muschelkalk and with the beds corresponding in age from 
Ismid ^ in Asia Minor, but resembles much more nearly that of the zone 
of Spiriferina Strachei/i in the Himalayan region, although the local 
faunistic peculiarities are marked more distinctly than in the Lower 
Trias. The preponderance of Ammonea leiostroca {Cladiscites, Mono- 
fhyllites) with the simultaneous diminution of Ceratitoidea is of special 
importance. 
There is still the same lithological contrast prevailing between the 
Tibetan and Himalayan facies in both areas. 
c. Lower Carnic stage. 
A dark red, very ferruginous limestone of the exotic block No. I in 
A. V. KrafTt's map (S. E. of Balchdhura No. II) has yielded Daonella 
indica Bittn. and Halobia sp. ind. No definite age can be assigned to 
this scanty auna. Daonella indica ranges from ladinic into carnic beds, 
but the presence of a true Halobia is rather in favour of a carnic age. 
d. Carnic stage. 
The credit of the first discovery of an exotic block of this age is due 
to C. L. Griesbach, C. Diener and C. S. Middlemiss, who in 1892 collected 
some specimens of Upper Triassic ammonites in a red marble near 
^General Report, Gevl. Sun: of India, for 1899-1900, j). 205. 
- F. Toula, Eine Muschelkalk fauna am Ciolf von I.smid in Kleinasien, Beitrage 
zur Geol. u. Palosontol. Oesterreich-Ungarns, etc., X, p. 189. 
( .S36 ) 
