INDIAN TRIAS SIC PROVINCE. 
149 
valley. The presence of Tirolites is indicative of the Mediterranean 
facies of the Lower Trias in Armenia. 
Typical Werfen beds were discovered in Darwaz near Raman 
not far from the Afghan frontier by A. v. Krafft.^ They consist 
of red sandstone, grey limestone, red and grey clay of enormous 
t hickness (800 to 1,000 m.). Both the sandstone and limestone are 
rich in gastropods and bivalves. Ten species were determined by 
Bittner,- all of them characteristic elements of the Alpine Werfen 
beds. Thus the faunistic and lithological agreement is equally close. 
The difterence betwee i the Lower Trias of the Himalayas and of the 
Salt Range on the one hand, and of Darwaz on the other is very sharp, 
but not sharper than that between the Himalayan and Tibetan facies 
( f the Indian Trias. 
The presence of Triassic sediments in Oman near Elphinstone inlet, 
is still rather doubtful, although Mijophoria oiiuinica Dien., which is 
nearly allied to the Alpine M. inaequicostata Klipst., indicates a Triassic 
age for some of the rocks.' 
During the Middle and Upper Triassic periods Afghanistan was the 
western branch of the Indian zoo-geographical region. 
The fauna of the shales and sandstones of the Kara Koh in the 
province of Herat, which were discovered by C. L. Griesbach in 
1886,' is unfortunately known too little to fix its age with any 
certainty. The presence of coal measures, of Dnonella Lommeli and of 
Monotis salinaria two bivalves standing widely apart in the strati- 
graphical scale of the Alpine Trias, has been recorded by Griesbach. 
but the cursory field-determinations of these fossils have not been 
confirmed by any subsequent examination.'' 
The association of marine strata rich in Daonella, with terrestrial 
plant- bearing beds reminds us strongly of the development of the Upper 
Trias in Sumatra, as has been stated by Noetling. 
1 A. V. Krafft : Geologische Ergebnisse einer Reise durcli das Chanat Bokliara, 
Denkschr. Kais. Akad. d. Wissensch., Wein, LXX, 1901, pp. 49-72. 
2 A. Bittner : Jahrb. K. K. Geol. Beichsanst, 1898, 48 Bd., pp. 689-718. 
^ C Diener, Note on some fossils from the sedimentary rocks of Oman (Arabia) 
Records, Geol. Sirn: of India, Vol. XXXVI, 1908, p. 156. 
C. L. (Jriesbacli : Field notes, etc. L'ccords, Geol. Sun: of India, 1886, Vol. 
XIX, i)p. 2.'i')-2G7. 
6 Recent work in Afghanistan has tliiow n considerable doubt on "the accuracy 
of these determinations {Mem., Geol. Svrr. India. Vol. XXXIX, ]). 31). — Ed. 
[ :m ) 
