INDIAN TRIAS SIC PKOVINCIC 
l55 
not been found in situ, must be assigned to tlie carnic stage. The 
same conclusion is arrived at with respect to llalohia moluccana, a 
species allied very nearly to H. Charlyana Mojs.. from Meta Mano Ledo. 
A reddish-yellow limestone, agreeing lithologically with the Pseudo- 
monotis bed of Rotti, has yielded a cast of Pseudnmonotis ochoiica var. 
densistriata. This limestone must consequently be considered to be of 
noric age. 
The Upper Triassic faunas of the Malay Archipelago are distinguished 
by their close relationship to Indian and Mediterranean forms. The 
Halorella limestone of Serang agrees entirely with the Halorella lim e 
stone of the Eastern Pamir. The true Monotis salinaria, so often 
incorrectly cited, occurs in the two rock groups. It is a type charac- 
teristic of the Tethys, both in the Mediterranean and Indian regions. 
It is replaced by the group of Pseudo)nonotis ochotica in the Siberian 
and Pacific regions. It is only in the noric stage of Rotti that we find 
this Pacific type, which otherwise seems to be excluded from the Indian 
Upper Trias. 
Thus the Malay region appears to have formed a connecting link 
between the Indian and Pacific Provinces during the Upper Triassic 
period. A similar connecting link between the Alpine and Siberian 
development of the Upper Trias is indicated by the noric beds of the 
Crimea and of tlie Caucasus, where Pseudomonotis ocJiotica is associated 
with a large number of brachiopods of truly Mediterranean type. 
In the south of the Himalayan Mesozoic belt the Triassic Tethys 
was bordered by the old continent of Gondwanaland, the counterpart 
of the Angara continent to the north. But south-east of the Malay 
Archipelago an uninterrupted open connection must have existed be- 
tween the Indian and Pacific oceans of the Upper Trias. This is evident 
from the astonishing influence of Indian and even Mediterranean 
elements on the Triassic faunje of New Caledonia. 
According to the valuable data which have been obtained recentlv 
by Piroutet,^ there can now be no doubt as to the fact that in the 
marine Trias of New Caledonia several horizons exist comprising equiva- 
lents of the noric, carnic and even ladinic stages. 
Two facies may be distinguished among the Triassic beds of this 
1 M. Piroutet, Note sommaire sur le Trias de la Nouvelle Caledonie, Bull., Soc. 
Geol. de France, 4 ser. t, VIII, 1908, pp. 324-329. 
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