156 
UlENEll : THIAS OF THE HIMALAYAS. 
island. The eastern facies is represented by graphitic argillaceous 
shales with Pseudomonotis Richmondiana Zittel, which must be consi- 
dered as deposits of considerable depth. The deposits of the western 
facier have been formed near the ancient shore. They are much 
thicker and partly rich in fossils. Their entire thickness is about 
3.000 metres. Three main divisions are distinguishable among them. 
The lowest division, attaining a thickness of nearly 1,000 metres, 
consists of basal conglomerates, argillaceous sandstones and shales, in 
which a mighty series of trachytic tufa and breccia is intercalated. One 
single fragment of Orthoceras only has been found near the base. The 
stratigraphical position of this division, which some geologists have 
correlated with Upper Palaeozoic beds, is consequently uncertain. 
The middle division has been divided into seven horizons by Piroutet. 
It consists of shales, clay, grauwacke, andesitic tufa and breccia. The 
owest horizon is a bed with Halobia Zitteli Lindstr. and Halohia 
Kwaluana Volz. The first species is one of the leading bivalves of the 
shales and Myophoria sandstones of Bears Island ^ and of the calcareous 
shales of the Eureka sound. - The second species has been quoted from 
the grey Daonella clay of Sumatra by Volz. Thus this horizon is 
probably of carnic, not of ladinic age, as has been suggested by Piroutet. 
This lowest horizon is overlaid by a bed with Mytilus problematicus 
Zittel and with large species of Spirigera and Spiriferina. 
Then follows a bed very rich in fossils, which represent rather 
conflicting characters. With several species of Halohia of typical 
carnic habit numerous brachiopods are associated, all of them Mediterra- 
nean forms, but characteristic of different stratigraphical horizons of 
the Alpine Trias. Spiriferina fragilis Schloth., Rhynchonella decurtaia 
var. dalmatina Bittn., var. devota Bittn are indicative of the Muschel- 
kalk, Spiriferina Lipoldi Bittn., Spiriferina gregaria Suess, Retzia ladma 
Bittn., Retzia quadricosta Muenst., Spirigera contraplecta Muenst., 
Spirigera indistincta Beyr., Terebratula Oppeli Lbe. of the St. Cassian 
and Raibl beds, Halorella sp., Rhynchonella anguUfrons Bittn., Rhyncho- 
nella salinaria Bittn. even of the noric Hallstatt limestone and Dach- 
steinkalk. 
1 J. Boehm : Ueber die obertriadische Fauna der Bsereninsel, Konigl, Svenska 
Vetensk. Akad. HmulJ.. Vnl XXXVII, No. 3, 190.3, p. 30. 
2 E. Kittl : Die Tiiaslussilien vom Eurekasund, liepoii second Norwegiun Arctic 
Exjjedition Fra7H," Nu. 7, 1907, p. 14. 
( ohl ) 
