CHAPTER VIIT. 
FORE-SHOCKS AND AFTER-SHOCKS. 
There is evidence of two, or possibly three, fore-shocks before 
the main shock on 8th July. Dr. Mumford reports two from 
Kalighat in the Balisera valley. The first woke him up at 2 or 
3 A.M. on 2nd of July. The bed was vibrating and at the same 
time there was a loud report at the back of the bungalow as if some- 
thing had knocked against it. This shock was also noticed at 
Phulcherra, where a bumping and knocking noise was heard. A 
second fore-shock was felt in the very early hours of 7th July at 
what Dr. Mumford estimates to have 'oeen 12-30 or 1 a.m. In this case 
the noise was likened to a loud report followed by two or three 
thumps as if large rocks had been hurled violently against the house. 
Another, or possibly the same, foreshock was reported from the 
neighbourhood of Badarpur. It is reported to have occurred in 
the early hours of the morning of 7th July, and was noticed by a 
number of oil-drillers who were at Tintikri (Hilara railway station, 
near Badarpur). They gave the time as 4 a.m. local time. It was 
also felt on the Badarpur oilfield, and was sufficiently strong to 
rouse slight sleepers. No damage was reported, but the shock 
formed the topic of conversation on Siinday, 7th, the day before 
the main earthquake. 
A number of after-shocks are reported, some of which were strong 
enough to be recorded on the seismograph at the Alipur Observatory, 
Calcutta. The most important are given on the next page. 
Unless specifically stated to be Indian Standard Time, the times 
quoted here are local times'. 
CONCLUSION. 
There seems to be little doubt that the time of the earthquake 
at its origin was within 12 seconds of 10 hours 22 minutes G. M, T. 
The average calculated time arrived at by the British observatories 
( 83 ) 
