10 STUART : THE SRTMANGAL EARTHQUAKE OF 8TH JULY 1918. 
the earthquake a wave is reported to have come down this stream 
travelling from north-east to south-west and to have washed the 
banks considerably above the stream-level. 
The frame-work of the bungalows at Puttiachara and at Sisal 
Baria was in each case of steel girders and this undoubtedly was 
the reason why the roofs had not collapsed. In spite of this, however, 
the brickwork in t1ie walls was shattered and in many cases tin-own 
down, the direction of fall being towards the north. Plate 2, fig. 2, 
shows a photograph of the Puttiachara bungalow after the shock. 
The photograph is taken looking east and it will be seen that, although 
held up by its steel framework, the whole bungalow is leaning over 
towards the north. I do not propose to give detailed accounts of 
all the buildings in the valley and of the damage done to them, the 
above being sufficient to describe the general havoc wrought by the 
earthquake in the eastern portion of the Balisera valley. 
The damage on the western side of the valley was similar to that 
caused on the eastern, though slightly less intense. The case of the 
Satgaon Tea Estate may be taken as typical. Here four iron columns 
in the centre of the Manager's bungalow held up the roof and 
undoubtedly prevented it from falling. The walls were shattered and 
most of them down. Every column on the verandah was broken 
right through at from one foot to eighteen inches from the floor 
level. From the Assistant's bungalow the windows and doors were 
all that could be salved. The roof was a complete wreck. In the 
factory the western end wall came down in one mass leaving 
the end of the corrugated iron roof unsupported. The eastern end 
wall of the original factory, which divides the latter from the new 
extension, was cracked and shattered from eaves to apex, and so 
also was the outer eastern end wall of the factory. All the other 
wails facing north or south were cracked, but not so badly as those 
facing east or west. Two withering-houses, running east-west 
and built with iron columns and braced together with iron beams, 
were intact, but the withering-house running north-south had 
all their brick columns cracked across the centre and in some cases 
shattered. Two walls of the fermenting-house collapsed but the 
coiTugated iron roof was intact. The blacksmith's shop was levelled 
to the ground. Two walls of the hospital collapsed. The upper 
half of the western end wall of the office came down in one mass 
and left the corrugated- iron roof overhanging, and the lower half, 
though standing, was shattered. The eastern end wall was shattered 
