542 
CATALOGUE. 
the leafless caper, a shrub very common in many parts of the Deccan, 
especially on the banks of the larger rivers. I have made many, 
but ineffectual, attempts to ascertain where these birds breed. That 
they do breed somewhere on the continent of India, there can be no 
doubt, as the young birds which I saw on the 24th of August were 
in brown plumage, and appeared as if they had not long left the 
nest. I was informed by a clever and well-informed Mahratta, who 
seemed to have considerable knowledge of the habits of various birds, 
that this bird retires to the Ghauts to breed. On visiting those 
mountains, I made many inquiries of the hill people, but was unsuc- 
cessful in getting any information from them ; however, I think it 
very probable that these birds, after leaving the Deccan in March 
and April, break up into pairs and retire to the ravines and forests 
in the Ghauts to breed." — (Lieutenant Burgess.) 
Mens. Carl J. Sundevall remarks : " "While sailing in the Indian 
Ocean, two young individuals of this bird came on board ; one near 
the southern point of Ceylon, December 14 ; the other alighted on 
the ship half-way between Ceylon and the north point of Sumatra, 
at least 100 geographic miles from each, and 80 or 90 miles from the 
Andaman Isles. The wind had been north-west ; so that it probably 
came from the Indian coast. Both these birds soon became so tame 
as to eat out of the hand, and we fed them abundantly on cock- 
roaches." 
812. PASTOR MELANOPTEBUS, Daudin Sp. 
Gracula melanoptera, Daudin, Orn. II. p. 286 (1800). 
GriffiiVs An. Kingd, YI. p. 423. 
Pastor melanopterus, Wagler, Syst. Av. Past. sp. 11. 
Acridotheres melanopterus, Vieill., Enc. Meth. p. 689. 
Cahanis, Cat. JB. Mus. Heine, p. 206. 
Sturnopastor melanopterus, Ponap., C. O. Av. p. 420. 
Hetserornis melanoptera, O. P. Gray, Gen. of Birds, TI. 
p. 335. 
Pastor tricolor, PLorsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 155 
(1820). Lath., Hist, of Birds, III. p. 155. G. P. 
Gray, Gen. of Birds, II. t. 83. 
Pastor candidus, Temminch, in litt. 
Gracula tristis, var. A., Lath., Hist, of Birds, III. 
p. 149. 
Jallak-awit, Java, Horsfield. 
