SMALL FRUITS AND HOW HE GROWS THEM 
A glass of berries pliotographed, exact size. The illustrations are 
engraved from the original berries, eiiiressl.v for this work. 
The Marshall 
The Bismark 
small quantities thus making a great demand for 
strictly fancy fruit. 
Plants differ from animals in this : the animal 
contains only one life germ or plasm. If you cut 
off a leg or arm of an animal, there being no 
separate life germ in them, they cannot be made to 
live ; in other words, you cannot cut an animal 
into pieces and make several animals of it because 
its life germ cannot be divided. 
A plant or tree Is a sing-Ie individual and yet 
It contains a whole colony of lives. It has the 
I ' '-^ "de its own life germ and send it into 
L — ■•' ernodes throughout its branches, 
mt, .'ormant until excited into active 
oper conditions, such as making cut- 
■ nners. 
|cag:ated have only one parent 
*9 fruit closely resembling the 
' "ify are taken. This is called 
ches this coi.u, ; or without the aid of the 
AH plants propagated by seeds— or sex- 
ually— have two parents and may take a 
greater or less impress from either or from 
some remote ancestor and bear fruit differ- 
ing widely from the tree or plant from which 
the seeds are taken, and therefore when we 
discover a valuable variety we multiply it by 
runners cuttings, etc., so it will bear friut 
as nearly resembling the parent as possible. 
When a plant becomes exhausted in 
seed beaiing it multiplies its species bv send- 
ing out runners or breeding asexually as 
above explained, and this is the reason there 
are so many runners and so little fruit in the 
average berry field. 
BUD VARIATION.. 
While it Is true that all plants and trees 
propagated by runners, cuttings or grafts are 
the children of one parent and receive only 
one parental impress and therefore bear fruit 
very closely resembling the parent, yet there 
is always a difference and these variations 
are often so great as to constitute an entire 
new sort. These are known as bud varieties 
No two blades of grass ever grew and no 
two things were ever made which were ex- 
actly alike. Variation is one of the great 
laws of nature. 
We frequently find a limb on a tree 
with general appearance and fruit differing 
from all the rest and we can take scions from 
this branch and they will retain the same 
charactenstics, and thus be entitled to a 
new name. 
Nurserymen continue to propagate trees 
by taking scions from nursery rows year 
after year, never allowing them to bear fruit 
and so our latter day orchards have many 
trees of the same variety bearing fruit differ- 
ing widely from each other and these are 
directly attributable to bud variations 
There is no question but this long continued 
propagation from non-bearing trees in the 
nursery rows is the main cause of unfruitful- 
ness in orchards. 
Strawberries, Raspberries and Blackber- 
ries vary m the same way. We can fix our 
ideal of the plant and berry we wish to pro- 
duce and then go into the field and find one 
varying m the direction of our ideal and take 
runners from it and put in a special propagating 
bed, keeping them under restriction to prevent 
exhaustion, and next year take plants for setting 
from these and again select the ideal plant and 
so gradually build up a strain of plants to the great- 
est perfection. 
It Is idle to say that one plant is just as good 
as another or that a berry field taken entirely from 
plants propagated in this way will not pro<iuce 
much more and better fruit than plants not kept 
under restriction and propagated from anything 
and everything, or that plams propagaled on low 
ground will not run out or lose their tendency to 
bear fruit, hence we see how important it is that 
the fruit grower should know the pedigree or his- 
tory ot the plants he is growing and depending on 
for financial returns. re 
The man who cultivates mongrel plants can 
stand no chance on the market with one whose 
plants are thoroughbred and capable of producing 
the finest fruit. ' r s 
plioto 
