SMA LL FRUITS AND HO W HE GROWS TnEM 
Columbian. It is surprising that afiy one should 
assert that the Columbian is the same or no better 
than Shaffer's Collossal. In vigor of cane, and 
quantity and quality of fruit it far exceeds that va- 
riety and we have discarded Shaffer and given this 
its place. The berries are purple in color, very 
rich and vinous in flavor and are often found an 
inch in diameter, and it has less of the objection- 
able bloom than Shaffer. The canes when grown 
as recommended are very hardy and propagate 
readily from the tips. 
Gualt. This is one of the everbearing sorts. It 
bears a crop at the regular season and the new 
canes develop their buds at the tips and produce a 
second crop in September. The canes must not be 
pinched back like other blackcaps as this will de- 
stroy the second crop. 
Kansas. A very large, hardy and vigorous berry. 
It has been selected at many government experi- 
ment stations as the best medium early blackcap 
and is commended for general planting. 
Older. Its good qualities are deep rootage which 
succeeds on dry soils and is especially valuable on 
the arid lands of the west. It is of iron clad hard- 
iness. The season is medium early to late. 
Johnson's Sweet. This is valuable as being the 
richest and sweetest blackcap grown. Ripens very 
early and is a grand family berry. 
Munger. This berry was introduced two years 
ago, but has been fruited and tested several years 
to prove its value. It very much resembles the 
Gregg. The berries are often found an inch 
in diameter and it continues in fruit several 
days after other sorts are gone. Probably the latest 
blackcap ever introduced. 
Gregg. This is the old standard late berry, 
more generally planted than any other late black- 
cap. The berries come late and are very large and 
fine and a good shipper. 
RED VARIETIES. 
The cultivation is the same as blackcaps except 
they should never be pinched back. 
The buds are not so strong on the laterals, and 
do not produce as good berries as those on ihe main 
canes. By cutting off the upper third of the cane 
at the winter pruning all the buds will be left 
that are desirable. The plantation will last longer 
and fruit better. Treat all suckers as weeds. It 
soon spoils a fruiting bed to cut the roots in dig- 
ging up plants. 
The Miller. It came to us with the highest en- 
dorsements and has sustained them all. It begins 
to ripen more than a week before strawberries are 
gene and is the most productive extra early berry 
we haye ever grown. The berries are large, bright 
red, beautiful in the box, and an excellent shipper. 
The Marlboro. This follows the Miller for me- 
dium season. On good land, very productive. Ber- 
ries large, bright red, firm and a good shipper. 
The Cuthbert. This has long been the standard 
late berry. Fruit is large, firm, bright crimson. 
It "stands up" well and can be shipped any dis- 
tance. 
Golden Queen. A seedling or sport of the Cuth- 
bert, and closely resembles it except the berries 
are yellow. It is fine for canning and near market. 
After they have been picked a short time they turn 
a dull color and do not sell so well. 
Loudon. Another year's trial places this at the 
head of the list as the best late red raspberry. Its 
berries are very large, bright red and so firm that 
they will -.hip anywhere and will sell at the high- 
est price. 
Sheffield Car Works, Three Rivers 
A REVOLUTION IN BLACKBERRY 
GROWING. 
Nothing sells better, nothing pays better, noth- 
ing is grown more easil3^ The new method of 
starting the plantation produces double that of 
the old way. Its fruit is more luscious and a plan- 
tation will fruit heavily under good culture and 
pruning from fifteen to twenty years, giving an- 
nually large crops. 
The demand for this fruit is practically unlimit- 
ed. The trouble is blackberries as offered are 
sour, seedy and lack flavor. 
Scarcely a town in the country is supplied at all 
with large luscious blackberries. 
Under the new system of establishing the patch 
every cane is loaded with large luscious berries of 
the most delicious flavor and gives a big crop 
every year because the ground is filled with a 
dense mass of roots making root pasturage of every 
square inch of soil for several feet around the 
plant, furnishing it an abundance of food to sus- 
tain it in bringing its great load of fruit to full 
maturity without exhausting the plant. 
How it is done. Pursue the same method ex- 
plained in breeding up strawberries. Find all the 
ideal canes bearing the fine.sl fruit, and not over 
two years old. Karly in the fall dig them up and 
cut roots in pieces about three inches long and 
pack in boxes of clean, coarse, sharp sand and 
place in a cold cellar regulated with ice so the 
thermometer will stand at 35 degrees. An ordi- 
nary cellar will not do, for if allowed to get too 
warm the cuttings will commence to grow and all 
be spoiled. If allowed to freeze they will not 
callus and thus fail to emit sufficient roots. 
What is a callus? It is a law of nature that when 
a root is cut or injured the plant will repair the 
damage by sending out new roots, but no new root 
will start until a callus is formed. Certain wood 
cells and a gristle-like substance must form, and out 
of this callus the roots start. The process requires 
time and goes on at a low temperature and the 
longer the root is kept in this dormant condition 
the more calluses there will be. 
Roots prepared in October form calluses in 
great numbers before planting time the following 
May, when the cuttings are placed in nursery rows 
in "rich, moist, sandy soil about three inches 
apart and one and a half deep. It is quite difficult 
to make them grow properly without irrigaticni. // 
llie roots get dry they will fail. If buried too deep 
they dainp off and die. Low, sprin;;'.- or cold 
ground will not do. They must ha\c frequent 
cultivation and not a weed allowed to t row among 
them. As soon as dormant in the fall, the plants 
are carefullv taken up and roots trimmed to the 
proper length and again parked in coarse sharp 
sand so it is solid around ev< ry root and kept as in 
the first winter, when calluses form all along the 
25 
